Human Nutrition Final

During the second trimester, a normal weight mother will gain how much weight?

1 pound per week

To minimize risk for food-borne illness, ground beef should be used within _______ days of storage in the refrigerator.

1-2

One should have at least a _______ days supply of food for emergency use.

3

During the second trimester, a pregnant woman needs an average of an additional ________ kcal per day

340

Which factor(s) decrease(s) absorption of dietary calcium?

All of these choices are correct

What is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity?

All of these choices are correct.

Which food-related behaviors can negatively affect the quality of adolescents' diets?

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron?

Beef Steak

Which of the following can pass through the placenta to the fetus?

Blood?

Which of the following micronutrients is needed for proper neural tube development?

Folate

Jenna is a 73-year-old woman who complains to her doctor that her food does not have any taste. The physician told Jenna to add more spices in each dish she prepares. Based on your knowledge about the process of aging, ________.

Jenna is experiencing a normal decline in her sense of taste

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

Potassium

In the United States, the diets of many toddler and preschool-age children supply too much ________.

Sodium

What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime?

Sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel.

The name of the condition when urine leaks out of the bladder is called what _____________.

Urinary incontinence

Which of the following statements about infertility is FALSE?

While nutrition is important following conception, there is little evidence that diet impacts infertility.

According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, ________

an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list

When selecting foods for an emergency food supply, which of the following criteria is least important?

are light weight

Which of the following foods is the best source of chromium?

broccoli

The hormone oxytocin ________.

enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby

Parathyroid hormone ________.

enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

Which of the following enzymes contains selenium?

glutathione peroxidase

Foods such as turnips, cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli contain ________ that inhibit iodide metabolism by the thyroid gland.

goitrogens

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

herbicide

Calcitonin ________.

is secreted when blood levels of calcium are too high

Renin is secreted from the kidneys in response to ________.

low blood volume and falling blood pressure

Which of the following animals is an example of a vermin?

mouse

________ is an iron-containing protein in muscle that is responsible for oxygen uptake from red blood cells.

myoglobin

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now.

stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

The ________ reflex enables an infant to draw milk and swallow when a nipple is put into its mouth

suck

Sulfur is a component of all of the following EXCEPT ________.

the amino acids tryptophan and valine

What is the EAR for energy in older adult males?

2000

During the first year of life, the infant increases in length by ________% over what it was at birth.

50

Average additional dietary energy requirements for lactation are approximately ________ kcal per day.

800

Which of the following statements is true?

A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat.

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension?

African Americans

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium.

An advantage to infants of being breastfed is _______

All of these are advantages of breastfeeding for the infant

Which infants have special vitamin needs?

All of these choices are accurate.

Forty-year old Kent has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Kent to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease?

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following food preservation methods involves sterlizing a food and its package seperately?

Aseptic processing

Elena recently found out that she is pregnant and wants to know if she can continue her regular daily physical activity routine. Which of the following recommendations might you make to Elena in terms of physical activity during pregnancy?

Avoid maximal load strength training

Lenny had steak tartare for dinner and has started to feel ill. Which pathogen should he be most concerned about after eating raw oysters?

E. coli 0157:H7

What two essential fatty acids are needed to be increased for proper fetam brain and retina development?

EPA & DHA

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed ________.

Eclampsia

The most dependable and abundant source of iodide in the American diet is

Fortifide salt

What is the EAR for energy in older adult females?

NOT 2000

Maternal anemia occurs when a pregnant woman has a hematocrit ________.

NOT BELOW 60%

Which of the following statements is true?

NOT By 2 to 4 months of age, most infants can use their fingers to pick up and chew "finger foods."

This bacteria is considered by many food scientists as the number one agent that causes foodborne illness.

NOT Clostridium botulinum

Which of the following statements is true?

NOT The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for inspecting local restaurants and grocery stores to ensure they meet food safety standards.

Which of the following statements is true?

NOT people living in the US

A deficiency of selenium results in ________.

NOT selenosis

As a person ages their risk of ________ increases. This condition results in loss of muscle function, shaking, stiffness, and poor balance.

Parkinson's disease

Human milk is naturally a rich source of ________.

Vitamin D

________ is a federal program that provides funds to state governments to help specific populations obtain certain supplemental foods and nutrition education

WIC

Hyponatremia ________.

all of these choices are correct

Elizabeth is 90 years of age. Compared to when she was 30 years of age, her ________ now.

arteries are less flexible

Which of the following foods would be most appropriate to include in an emergency food supply?

canned tuna

Which vegetable is a rich source of chloride?

celery

Which of the following minerals enhances the action of insulin?

chromium

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________.

colostrum

According to scientific research involving animals, ________ may extend one's life.

consuming megadoses of vitamins

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for hypertension?

consuming too little sodium

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by severe birth defects that occur in infants whose mothers ________.

drank alcohol excessively during pregnancy

Clint is 82 years of age. Compared to when he was 27 years of age, his ________ now.

kidney cells don't function as well

To help children develop good nutritional habits, ________.

let children make some choices about the food they eat

According to scientific research involving animals, ________ may extend one's life.

restricting energy intake

Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?

rice

Which of the following is NOT classified as an ultratrace mineral?

selenium

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy, the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding. This practice ________.

stimulates Ariel's uterus to contract, reducing her risk of bleeding excessively

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

vitamin B12

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary ________.

water conservation

To avoid constipation, pregnant women should increase intake of ________

whole-grain bread, bran, and fruits

Infants ________ have a higher risk of obesity during childhood.

whose mothers are obese

Mario is a 7-year-old boy whose BMI-for-age is in the 75th percentile. According to this information, Mario's weight is ________.

Healthy for his age

The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an intentional food additive?

High-fructose corn syrup

Which of the following factors has a negative effect on a school-age child's diet?

Viewing television advertisements for sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Which of the following statements is true?

Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas.

Marty has hemochromatosis. Which of the following supplements should he avoid taking?

Iron

Which of the following food preservation methods treats the food with a high amount of energy that destroys the genetic material of pathogens?

Irridating

________ is the production of milk by cells that line the mammary alveoli in breast tissue.

Lactation

________ is the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to live.

Life expectancy

The bacteria most commonly associated with unpasteurized milk and cheeses

Listeria monocytogenes

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ________.

Lose the extrusion reflex

Which hormone increases in secretion during pregnancy?

More than one is correct

In the United States, milk and juice often go through a process called ________. In this process, heat is used to kill pathogens and spoilage organisms in liquid food items.

No irritation

Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium?

fried chicken

Which food on this list is NOT appropriate for an infant less than one year old?

honey

An ample intake of potassium-rich foods may help protect against

osteoporosis.

In the United States, milk and juice often go through a process called ________. In this process, heat is used to kill pathogens and spoilage organisms in liquid food items.

pasteurization

The following substances were detected in a slice of enriched bread. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive?

plastic wrap

The common practice of taking several prescribed medication daily to treat a variety of health conditions is called ________.

polypharmacy

Introducing solid foods to an infant's diet before the infant needs them can ________.

potentially strain the young infant's organs

Reduced ________ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

thirst sensation

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

trace mineral

Bernice is 91 years of age. Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status.

Low annual income

The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is

calcium

Which of the following food preservation techniques involves adding certain types of bacteria or yeast to foods, producing probiotic foods.

fermentation

The milk produced first during a feeding is called _____ and is rich in ____.

foremilk, lactose