Human Nutrition Week 1 Quiz, Human Nutrition Week 2 Quiz, Human Nutrition Week 3 Quiz

The amount of pure ethanol in a typical "drink" is ____.

0.5 ounces

An important form of energy used by most cells is

ATP

What is the name given to partially digested food in the stomach?

Chyme

During the first few days of a fast, what energy source provides about 90% of the glucose needed to fuel the body?

Protein

What is a characteristic of excess intra-abdominal fat?

Some research suggests that it is more harmful than fat in other locations.

Greg is trying to decide which brand of cereal to buy, but he is a somewhat confused by the health claims. Which statement represents the highest level of significant scientific agreement?

"This product contains whole grains, which have been proven to reduce the risk of heart disease and certain cancers."

What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people?

0.5-2 lbs/week

Jamie, a vegetarian, is trying to plan a healthy diet according to the USDA Food Patterns. Which protein foods would be the best nutrient choices for one day?

1/2 cup black beans, 2 tbsp peanut butter, 1 c spinach

As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women?

1200

A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

19.0%

A food that provides 100 mg of magnesium and 25 kcal in a serving has a magnesium density (mg per kcal) of ____.

4.0

What is the amino acid pool?

A mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and dietary protein intake

What term is specific to reactions in which simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules?

Anabolic

What is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose?

Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon.

Which measurements are all used to compute a woman's BMR?

Body weight, height, and age

The concept of nutrient density is most helpful in achieving what principle of diet planning?

Calorie control

Which of the following energy-yielding nutrients can be converted to glucose?

Carbohydrates and Proteins

Which nutrients are considered organic compounds?

Carbohydrates and protein

Which of the following is a feature of weight-loss remedies?

Dietary supplements are not necessarily tested for safety or effectiveness

Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in formerly obese people who have lost weight?

Energy requirements are lower than expected for their current body weight

In the metabolism of amino acids for energy, what is the fate of the amino group?

Excreted as urea

What term is given to the condition of a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis?

Female athlete triad

Which substance is known as blood sugar or dextrose?

Glucose

What is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake?

Setting nutrient goals for individuals

When nutrients are transported from intestinal epithelial cells to the vascular system, what organ is first to receive them?

Liver

What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight?

Males have a higher percentage of lean body mass

Providing enough, but not an excess, of a food is a diet-planning principle known as ____.

Moderation

What substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices?

Mucus

How does a double-blind experiment work?

Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group

Which method is used to detect nutrient deficiencies?

Nutrition assessment

What is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Pregnancy increases the BMR

When food proteins reach the stomach, hydrochloric acid (HCl) ________ the protein.

denatures

Most dietary fats will

enter the lymphatic system.

In general, modifying a diet by substituting complex carbohydrates for pure sugars results in a diet that is higher in ____.

fiber

What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?

fibers

Of the ten leading causes of illness and death in the U.S., how many are associated directly with nutrition?

four

Glycolysis is the conversion of ____.

glucose to pyruvate

The functions of fat include all of the following except:

build and repair tissue

Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in obesity?

The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively constant

What is a feature of the protein RDA?

The recommendations are generous.

Which of the following does NOT describe the behavior of fat cells?

The number decreases when fat is lost from the body

Which statement best describes the composition of most foods?

They contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate.

In addition to energy, what are the principal end products of carbohydrate metabolism?

Water and carbon dioxide

What is one explanation for the generally lower tolerance for alcohol in women in comparison to men?

Women have lower amounts of stomach alcohol dehydrogenase.

Energy-yielding nutrients include

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are the principal transport vehicle for _______ in the blood.

cholesterol

The chief function of pepsin is to ____.

cleave proteins into smaller polypeptides

What product has the highest percentage of its fat in saturated form?

coconut oil

One function of sphincter muscles is to ____.

control the passage of food through the GI tract

An important aid in any weight-loss program is to

increase physical activity.

When energy intake is greater than energy output, body weight

increases

When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy

is stored as fat in adipose tissue

An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to

keep a record of your eating habits.

The oils found in walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and wheat germ represent a good source of preformed ____.

linolenic acid

What is the primary organ that metabolizes fructose and galactose following absorption?

liver

Bile is formed in the ___________ and stored in the ___________.

liver; gallbladder

Excess protein intake can result in

loss of calcium

A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of ____.

low-density lipoproteins

An example of an anthropometric assessment is

measuring skinfold thickness

All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as

metabolism

In which of the following tissues is glycogen typically stored?

muscle and liver

A coordinated muscular contraction that propels food down the GI tract is called

peristalsis.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) function in lipid transport by

picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources to deliver to other lipoproteins and the liver for disposal.

Ample amounts of carbohydrates are almost always found in ____.

plant foods

Because obesity apparently has many causes, even in a single individual, the best approach seems to be

prevention

Microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are known as ____.

probiotics

Which food group is typically consumed in amounts greater than recommended by the USDA?

protein foods

After digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build protein will first be subjected to ____.

removal of its amino group

The major function of lipoprotein lipase is to

remove triglycerides from blood for storage.

Disaccharidase enzymes that hydrolyze the disaccharides into monosaccharides are found in the ____.

small intestine

After a period of prolonged fasting (starving), the brain changes its fuel requirements

so that ketone bodies replace glucose

A food scientist is developing a new and improved cereal bar. She consults with you to about the ordering of the ingredients on a food label. The ingredients are: Sugar: 30 g, Puffed wheat: 28 g, Dry milk powder: 5 g, Red food coloring: 35 mg, Salt: 2 g. What is the appropriate order in which to list these ingredients on the food label?

sugar, puffed wheat, dry milk powder, salt, red food coloring

Food components that must be listed on the current Nutrition Facts panel include

sugars, dietary fiber, and calcium.

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) are

the maximum daily intake level not likely to cause harmful effects

To assess body composition, health-care professionals most often use BMI and ____.

waist circumference

Which of the following foods provides all of the essential amino acids?

Milk

Ketosis (elevated production of ketone body formation) increases with

1) fasting 2) a low-carb diet 3) uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus

Monounsaturated fatty acids are

1) liquid at room temperature 2) have one double bond in the fatty acid chain 3) derived from plants 4) lower cholesterol

Cholesterol is

1) not a dietary essential; the human body can synthesize it 2) not found in foods of plant origin 3) an important part of human cell membranes and necessary to make some hormones

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are designed to

1) provide a scientific basis for USDA's school lunch program. 2) provide a scientific basis for the Food Stamp Program. 3) reduce the risk of "killer" diseases.

Which of the following is a function of protein?

1) providing structural support to body cells 2) producing antibodies to fight infection 3) contributing to acid-base balance 4) transporting nutrients in bloodstream

Why are nuts a heart healthy food?

1) they are rich in antioxidants 2) Most nuts are good sources of monounsaturated fatty acids 3) they contain no cholesterol

A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which of the following?

Dehydration

Which statement is true of the relationship fat intake and health?

Intake of saturated fat raises blood cholesterol more than intake of cholesterol

Among the following population groups, which shows the highest prevalence of lactose intolerance?

Native North Americans

Which action is associated with the presence of fat in the GI tract?

Slowing of the process of digestion and absorption

What is a feature of the Daily Values found on food labels?

They assist people in determining whether a food contains a little or a lot of a nutrient.

The glycemic index of foods is ____.

a way of ranking foods according to their potential to increase blood glucose

Which food items are consumed in the diet of a lactovegetarian?

milk products and plant foods only

What is the primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another?

the side group