Human Nutrition Week 1 Quiz, Human Nutrition Week 2 Quiz, Human Nutrition Week 3 Quiz
The amount of pure ethanol in a typical "drink" is ____.
0.5 ounces
An important form of energy used by most cells is
ATP
What is the name given to partially digested food in the stomach?
Chyme
During the first few days of a fast, what energy source provides about 90% of the glucose needed to fuel the body?
Protein
What is a characteristic of excess intra-abdominal fat?
Some research suggests that it is more harmful than fat in other locations.
Greg is trying to decide which brand of cereal to buy, but he is a somewhat confused by the health claims. Which statement represents the highest level of significant scientific agreement?
"This product contains whole grains, which have been proven to reduce the risk of heart disease and certain cancers."
What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people?
0.5-2 lbs/week
Jamie, a vegetarian, is trying to plan a healthy diet according to the USDA Food Patterns. Which protein foods would be the best nutrient choices for one day?
1/2 cup black beans, 2 tbsp peanut butter, 1 c spinach
As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women?
1200
A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?
19.0%
A food that provides 100 mg of magnesium and 25 kcal in a serving has a magnesium density (mg per kcal) of ____.
4.0
What is the amino acid pool?
A mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and dietary protein intake
What term is specific to reactions in which simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules?
Anabolic
What is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose?
Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon.
Which measurements are all used to compute a woman's BMR?
Body weight, height, and age
The concept of nutrient density is most helpful in achieving what principle of diet planning?
Calorie control
Which of the following energy-yielding nutrients can be converted to glucose?
Carbohydrates and Proteins
Which nutrients are considered organic compounds?
Carbohydrates and protein
Which of the following is a feature of weight-loss remedies?
Dietary supplements are not necessarily tested for safety or effectiveness
Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in formerly obese people who have lost weight?
Energy requirements are lower than expected for their current body weight
In the metabolism of amino acids for energy, what is the fate of the amino group?
Excreted as urea
What term is given to the condition of a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis?
Female athlete triad
Which substance is known as blood sugar or dextrose?
Glucose
What is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake?
Setting nutrient goals for individuals
When nutrients are transported from intestinal epithelial cells to the vascular system, what organ is first to receive them?
Liver
What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight?
Males have a higher percentage of lean body mass
Providing enough, but not an excess, of a food is a diet-planning principle known as ____.
Moderation
What substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices?
Mucus
How does a double-blind experiment work?
Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group
Which method is used to detect nutrient deficiencies?
Nutrition assessment
What is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Pregnancy increases the BMR
When food proteins reach the stomach, hydrochloric acid (HCl) ________ the protein.
denatures
Most dietary fats will
enter the lymphatic system.
In general, modifying a diet by substituting complex carbohydrates for pure sugars results in a diet that is higher in ____.
fiber
What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?
fibers
Of the ten leading causes of illness and death in the U.S., how many are associated directly with nutrition?
four
Glycolysis is the conversion of ____.
glucose to pyruvate
The functions of fat include all of the following except:
build and repair tissue
Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in obesity?
The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively constant
What is a feature of the protein RDA?
The recommendations are generous.
Which of the following does NOT describe the behavior of fat cells?
The number decreases when fat is lost from the body
Which statement best describes the composition of most foods?
They contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate.
In addition to energy, what are the principal end products of carbohydrate metabolism?
Water and carbon dioxide
What is one explanation for the generally lower tolerance for alcohol in women in comparison to men?
Women have lower amounts of stomach alcohol dehydrogenase.
Energy-yielding nutrients include
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are the principal transport vehicle for _______ in the blood.
cholesterol
The chief function of pepsin is to ____.
cleave proteins into smaller polypeptides
What product has the highest percentage of its fat in saturated form?
coconut oil
One function of sphincter muscles is to ____.
control the passage of food through the GI tract
An important aid in any weight-loss program is to
increase physical activity.
When energy intake is greater than energy output, body weight
increases
When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy
is stored as fat in adipose tissue
An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to
keep a record of your eating habits.
The oils found in walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and wheat germ represent a good source of preformed ____.
linolenic acid
What is the primary organ that metabolizes fructose and galactose following absorption?
liver
Bile is formed in the ___________ and stored in the ___________.
liver; gallbladder
Excess protein intake can result in
loss of calcium
A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of ____.
low-density lipoproteins
An example of an anthropometric assessment is
measuring skinfold thickness
All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as
metabolism
In which of the following tissues is glycogen typically stored?
muscle and liver
A coordinated muscular contraction that propels food down the GI tract is called
peristalsis.
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) function in lipid transport by
picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources to deliver to other lipoproteins and the liver for disposal.
Ample amounts of carbohydrates are almost always found in ____.
plant foods
Because obesity apparently has many causes, even in a single individual, the best approach seems to be
prevention
Microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are known as ____.
probiotics
Which food group is typically consumed in amounts greater than recommended by the USDA?
protein foods
After digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build protein will first be subjected to ____.
removal of its amino group
The major function of lipoprotein lipase is to
remove triglycerides from blood for storage.
Disaccharidase enzymes that hydrolyze the disaccharides into monosaccharides are found in the ____.
small intestine
After a period of prolonged fasting (starving), the brain changes its fuel requirements
so that ketone bodies replace glucose
A food scientist is developing a new and improved cereal bar. She consults with you to about the ordering of the ingredients on a food label. The ingredients are: Sugar: 30 g, Puffed wheat: 28 g, Dry milk powder: 5 g, Red food coloring: 35 mg, Salt: 2 g. What is the appropriate order in which to list these ingredients on the food label?
sugar, puffed wheat, dry milk powder, salt, red food coloring
Food components that must be listed on the current Nutrition Facts panel include
sugars, dietary fiber, and calcium.
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) are
the maximum daily intake level not likely to cause harmful effects
To assess body composition, health-care professionals most often use BMI and ____.
waist circumference
Which of the following foods provides all of the essential amino acids?
Milk
Ketosis (elevated production of ketone body formation) increases with
1) fasting 2) a low-carb diet 3) uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus
Monounsaturated fatty acids are
1) liquid at room temperature 2) have one double bond in the fatty acid chain 3) derived from plants 4) lower cholesterol
Cholesterol is
1) not a dietary essential; the human body can synthesize it 2) not found in foods of plant origin 3) an important part of human cell membranes and necessary to make some hormones
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are designed to
1) provide a scientific basis for USDA's school lunch program. 2) provide a scientific basis for the Food Stamp Program. 3) reduce the risk of "killer" diseases.
Which of the following is a function of protein?
1) providing structural support to body cells 2) producing antibodies to fight infection 3) contributing to acid-base balance 4) transporting nutrients in bloodstream
Why are nuts a heart healthy food?
1) they are rich in antioxidants 2) Most nuts are good sources of monounsaturated fatty acids 3) they contain no cholesterol
A person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which of the following?
Dehydration
Which statement is true of the relationship fat intake and health?
Intake of saturated fat raises blood cholesterol more than intake of cholesterol
Among the following population groups, which shows the highest prevalence of lactose intolerance?
Native North Americans
Which action is associated with the presence of fat in the GI tract?
Slowing of the process of digestion and absorption
What is a feature of the Daily Values found on food labels?
They assist people in determining whether a food contains a little or a lot of a nutrient.
The glycemic index of foods is ____.
a way of ranking foods according to their potential to increase blood glucose
Which food items are consumed in the diet of a lactovegetarian?
milk products and plant foods only
What is the primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another?
the side group