Human Relations
16. All of the following is true regarding facial expressions and eye contact except:
Little is known regarding the influence of facial expressions and eye contact as a means of nonverbal communication.
2. More important than getting to know others is: a. having a high level of self-esteem. b. being attractive. c. avoiding stereotypes. d. getting to know yourself.
d. getting to know yourself. page 2
8. Which type of communication frequently results in our making inaccurate inferences or assumptions?
one-way communication.
27. Questions that provide space for the speaker to explore his or her thoughts are called:
open questions.
24. The most important single factor affecting our communication with others is:
our self-concept.
14. An Asian individual that avoids eye contact when communicating with others may be:
doing so as a sign of respect.
11. What percentage of oral communication do researchers claim is ignored, misunderstood, or quickly forgotten?
75 percent.
30. Which of the following statements are true regarding personal space and distance?
A. Social distance is from 4 to 12 feet. B. Many times you can tell how people feel toward one another by observing the distance between them.
26. Which of the following statements are true regarding gender differences related to communication?
All of the statements are true.
1. All of the following statements are true regarding noise except:
External noise is the most significant.
13. As discussed in your text, which of the following are barriers to listening?
Internal psychological filters, hidden agenda, preoccupation, noise.
32. According to Carl Rogers, a major barrier to building close relationships is the natural tendency to:
Judge and evaluate the statements made by others.
33. According to Deborah Tannen, which one of the following is not a language and communication style of men?
Likely to speak and hear a language of "connection and intimacy".
6. The Johari Window represents all but one of the following: a. what we know about ourselves and others. b. what we do not know about ourselves but others know about us. c. what we know about ourselves but do not let others know. d. things unknown to ourselves about ourselves and things that others do not know about us.
a. what we know about ourselves and others. pages 6-8
4. Nonverbal communication can relate to verbal communication by:
Reinforcing the verbal message. Replacing the verbal message. Contradicting the verbal message.
14. One of the basic tenets of Viktor Frankl's beliefs about the human personality is: a. that we have a need to search for meaning and a purpose in life b. anxiety is not a prerequisite for growth c. life does not have to have pain d. none of the above
a. that we have a need to search for meaning and a purpose in life. page 63
18. Empathy refers to the ability to:
Understand how another person feels and how he or she perceives the situation.
12. The major difference between shy people and non shy people is: a. their self evaluation. b. their income level. c. their behavior. d. none of the above.
a. their self evaluation. page 14
2. Which of the following is not one of the potential six messages that can get through?
What you are unable to express
34. We all need to learn to respect diversity in relationships. The best way to understand what others' behavior means is: a. to ask. b. use the attribution theory. c. incorporate the self fulfilling prophecy. d. use the Johari window.
a. to ask. page 4
20. In the attribution process: a. we judge a person's personality by how they act, without considering the situation and context involved. b. we attribute action to personality characteristics. c. we believe people do as their nature commands. d. all of the above.
a. we judge a person's personality by how they act, without considering the situation and context involved. page 23
28. Of the "Big Five" personality factors, which trait can be best described as careful versus careless? a. Conscientiousness b. Neuroticism c. Openness d. Agreeableness
a. Conscientiousness. page 60
26. What is reciprocal determinisms? a. The interacting influences between person, behavior, and environment. b. Your behavior will determine your life. c. You get what you give. d. Our environment determines our behavior.
a. The interacting influences between person, behavior, and environment. page 67
1. Our self image is primarily formed: a. by how our parents treat us and react to us. b. by what "significant others" say to us. c. by our perceptions and interpretations of how other people treat us. d. all of the above.
a. by how our parents treat us and react to us. b. by what "significant others" say to us. c. by our perceptions and interpretations of how other people treat us. d. all of the above. page 50
5. The talking out of our feelings, problems, and thoughts for the purpose of relieving ourselves of stresses and anxieties is called: a. catharsis. b. revelation. c. self immolation. d. the grand communiqué.
a. catharsis. page 6
27. Which of the following does not influence our Social Perceptions—the creation of images of ourselves and of others: a. emotional support. b. stereotyping. c. first impressions. d. attribution error.
a. emotional support. page 17
19. All of the following are characteristics of low self esteem except: a. enjoys being alone b. defensive c. oriented toward approval of others d. conforming
a. enjoys being alone. page 74
24. All of the following are true regarding loneliness except: a. loneliness is the same as being alone. b. individuals in committed relationships, married, or living together can still be lonely. c. according to research, one in four Americans has felt very lonely within the past two weeks. d. occurs when a person has fewer interpersonal relationships than desired or when the relationships are not as satisfying as desired.
a. loneliness is the same as being alone. page 9
15. _______________ occurs when the first impression carries more weight than subsequent information. a. primacy effect. b. physical attraction. c. disinterest. d. stereotyping.
a. primacy effect. page 19
5. All of the following are stages of Erikson's psychosocial development except: a. sensing versus intuition b. trust versus mistrust c. initiative versus guilt d. industry versus inferiority
a. sensing versus intuition. page 55-57
24. We gather information about our "self image" through the following means: a. significant others b. genetic influences c. social comparison d. a and c
a. significant others and c. social comparison a and c. page 50
23. One of the most difficult barriers to successful communication is:
assumptions
13. Three steps in overcoming shyness are: a. Analyze yourself, find a sponsor, eliminate the unwanted behavior. b. Analyze your shyness, build your self-esteem, improve your social skills. c. Improve your social skills, use assertive discipline, stand up for your rights. d. Imitate a confident person, see a therapist, give it the old college try.
b. Analyze your shyness, build your self esteem, improve your social skills. page 15
4. Most psychologists feel that self-image is: a. something we are born with b. acquired c. not as important as self-esteem d. none of the above
b. acquired. page 50
25. A relationship should provide: a. all your entertainment needs. b. emotional support and social ties. c. the foundation of your self-esteem and self-worth. d. all of the above.
b. emotional support and social ties. page 10 & 11
1. According to your text, to become acquainted requires all of the following except: a. a shared giving and taking regarding what we know about ourselves. b. having a high level of self-esteem. c. knowing how you are reacting to the present situation. d. knowing how we feel about something the other person has done or said.
b. having a high level of self-esteem. page 3
25. Which of the following categories of cognitive variables does not have an influence on your behavior? a. expectancies b. impression management c. personal values d. competencies
b. impression management. page 67
6. Which stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Development does the following describe? During the ages of three through five, the child moves from simple self-control to an ability to take control. This is a questioning and exploring stage when a child wants to try anything and everything. a. industry versus inferiority b. initiative versus guilt c. autonomy versus doubt d. trust versus mistrust
b. initiative versus guilt. page 56
12. An intellectual and emotional process that integrates physical, emotional, and intellectual inputs in a search for meaning and understanding might be a definition of:
b. listening.
16. The __________ is the part of self that includes physical, behavioral, and psychological characteristics that establish uniqueness. a. ego b. personal self image c. the child d. none of the above
b. personal self image. page 70
16. _______________ is when we prejudge a person or group of people prior to having all known information and facts. a. stereotyping. b. prejudice. c. the primacy effect. d. first impressions.
b. prejudice. page 20
17. __________ refers to overall evaluation of oneself, whether one likes or dislikes who one is, believes or doubts oneself, and values or belittles one's worth. a. superego b. self esteem c. ego d. any of the above
b. self esteem. page 72
21. _______________ occurs when a person's expectations of an event makes the outcome more likely to happen than would otherwise have been true. a. stereotyping. b. self fulfilling prophecy. c. first impression management. d. attribution.
b. self fulfilling prophecy. page 24
10. _______________ involves feelings, physical reactions, and thoughts that create a state of anxiety, discomfort, and inhibition. a. catharsis. b. shyness. c. emotional discomfort. d. loneliness.
b. shyness. page 13
7. Self-disclosure skills are important to relationships for all of the following reasons except: a. knowing yourself. b. social control. c. developing intimacy. d. defining yourself.
b. social control. page 3
2. Freud's theory states that a person's personality is made up of three distinct but interrelated parts; these three parts are: a. the private self, the public self, the self image b. the id, the ego, the superego c. the hunger drive, the thirst drive, and sexual impulses d. none of the above
b. the id, the ego, the superego. page 53
12. According to Carl Rogers, the difficulties in functioning are caused by the lack of __________ by others, starting at birth. a. superego control b. unconditional acceptance c. parental supervision d. ego development
b. unconditional acceptance. page 62
9. Stereotyping, having a closed mind, and jumping to conclusion are all examples of:
barriers to interpersonal communication.
3. What percentage of our communication is nonverbal communication?
between 65 and 70 percent.
29. In order to be successful when engaging in extensive intercultural interactions all of the following conditions must be met except: a. Most intercultural interactions should involve a task that people want to accomplish. b. People must show respect and work cooperatively together. c. Assume that the majority of individuals are communicating from a Western culture perspective. d. Your feelings must be perceived as positive and be reciprocated by those culturally diverse individuals.
c. Assume that the majority of individuals are communicating from a Western culture perspective. page 29 & 30
31. Which of the following statements is true regarding individualism and collectivism? a. Individualists value interdependence and social harmony. b. Collectivists value independence and autonomy. c. Collectivists value harmony and have few but close and enduring relationships. d. None of the above are true.
c. Collectivists value harmony and have few but close and enduring relationships. page 73
26. The Perceptual Awareness Process will provide us with a technique that will help us prevent misunderstanding due to the inaccuracy of our own perceptions. This process includes all of the following except: a. Interpret the behavior observing—Why is the person acting that way? b. Ask yourself what would you do in the same situation. c. Hide in the closet for three days thinking positive thoughts. d. Ask for clarification about how to interpret the behavior.
c. Hide in the closet for three days thinking positive thoughts. page 16 & 17
18. The Johari Window includes the following panels: a. Open, Closed, Transparent, and Opaque. b. Open, Cracked, Dirty, and Shattered. c. Open, Hidden, Blind, and Unknown. d. None of the above.
c. Open, Hidden, Blind, and Unknown. page 7
21. __________ are designed to help us escape the pain of anxiety. a. self affirmations b. self criticisms c. defense mechanisms d. self flagellations
c. defense mechanisms. page 54
7. Based on the work of Harry Stack Sullivan, all of the following are required to have a strong self-concept except: a. love b. respect c. forgiveness d. acceptance
c. forgiveness. page 51
29. Narcissism is the tendency to regard oneself as: a. narcoleptic b. having a low self-esteem c. grandiosely self-important d. none of the above
c. grandiosely self-important. page 78
3. The _____ is present at birth and remains an active force throughout our life. a. superego b. ego c. id d. self image
c. id. page 53
22. _______________ refers to our conscious efforts to present ourselves in socially desirable ways. a. first impressions. b. being friendly. c. impression management. d. initiating a new relationship.
c. impression management. page 25
9. Self esteem is improved by: a. strokes b. money c. positive self talk d. negative self talk
c. positive self talk. page 66
15. Virginia Satir states that one of the crucial factors that determine the quality of interpersonal relationships is: a. communication b. friendliness c. self worth d. our upbringing
c. self worth. page 64
4. The revealing of the inner-self is called: a. a Johari window. b. self-fulfilling prophecy. c. self-disclosure. d. having poor boundaries.
c. self-disclosure. page 3
14. _______________ describes the way we perceive, evaluate, categorize, and form judgments about the qualities of people we encounter. a. social inhibition. b. shyness. c. social perception. d. first impressions.
c. social perception. page 17
17. All Asian individuals are smart. This statement is an example of: a. prejudice. b. being Asian. c. stereotyping. d. having preconceived notions of intelligence.
c. stereotyping. page 20
10. What is cognitive restructuring? a. a non verbal thinking process b. a combination of personal values c. the process of modifying thoughts, ideas, and beliefs d. a self regulatory system
c. the process of modifying thoughts, ideas, and beliefs. page 66
18. All of the following are strategies to improve self esteem except: a. accept all parts of your physical appearance b. affirm your strengths c. use your defense mechanisms d. list your faults
c. use your defense mechanisms. page 76-77
17. Which of the following is true regarding gestures and other body movements relating to communication?
certain gestures or movements mean We can not make assumptions about what.
19. The process of conveying feelings, attitudes, facts, beliefs, and ideas between individuals either verbally or nonverbally could be used as a definition for:
communication.
28. Which of the following is not provided in the text as a recommendation for building self-esteem? a. Recognize that you ultimately control how you see yourself. b. Set realistic goals. c. Talk positively to yourself. d. Do things that go against your value system in order to be liked and accepted by all.
d. Do things that go against your value system in order to be liked and accepted by all. page 15
30. Inaccuracy in social perceptions can contribute to prejudice in the following ways with the exception of: a. Stereotyping. b. Categorizing. c. Attribution Error. d. Impression Management.
d. Impression Management. page 17
30. All of the following are included in Dr. Nathaniel Branden's recommendations for building self-esteem except: a. Living consciously b. Self-acceptance c. Self-responsibility d. Personal space
d. Personal space. page 79
32. All of the following are categories of cognitive variables that have the potential to influence behavior except: a. Encoding strategies b. Competencies. c. Personal values. d. Your grade point average.
d. Your grade point average. page 67
8. Adler argued that the foremost human drive is: a. sexuality b. food c. self-esteem d. a striving for superiority
d. a striving for superiority. page 54
11. Trait theories: a. allow us to describe personality b. do not tell us how we develop these traits c. include five basic traits of personality d. all of the above are true
d. all of the above are true. page 60
32. The emotional attachment need may be satisfied through the following ways: a. our parents. b. our religious belief. c. our pets. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above. page 10
9. Social ties provide us with: a. a feeling of belonging. b. a feeling of being a part of a group. c. a sense of identity. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above. page 11
3. The advantages of self disclosure include: a. self validation. b. promotes mental health. c. social control. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above. page 6
13. Self actualization can best be described as: a. Virginia Satir's theory b. realizing the past c. having high self esteem d. being all that one can be
d. being all that one can be. page 62
33. Which of the following will help us overcome loneliness? a. emotional attachments. b. social ties. c. being married or in a committed relationship. d. both a and b are correct.
d. both a and b are correct. page 10
31. According to your text, which of the following statements are true regarding expectations? a. they are the foundation of our success. b. they can be the basis of our failure. c. most are too low. d. both a and b.
d. both a and b. page 25
8. According to your text, before we can engage in self-disclosure, there must be an atmosphere of: a. love and attraction. b. respect and admiration. c. self-esteem and confidence. d. goodwill and trust.
d. goodwill and trust. page 4
23. All of the following are stages in the development of a friendship except: a. awareness. b. breaking the ice. c. mutuality. d. impression management.
d. impression management. page 26
22. According to Adler, personality arises from our attempts to overcome or compensate for fundamental feelings of: a. fear b. disappointment c. despair d. inadequacy
d. inadequacy. page 54
11. All of the following are consequences of shyness discussed in Chapter 1 except: a. becoming preoccupied with ourselves. b. keeps us from experiencing new situations. c. not standing up for our own rights. d. increased self-disclosure.
d. increased self-disclosure. page 13 & 14
19. Based on Johari's Window, the term Open Self represents a. that you are open to others. b. what other's know about you but that you are unaware of. c. the smallest portion of the window. d. information, feelings, and opinions that you know about yourself and that others know about you.
d. information, feelings, and opinions that you know about yourself and that others know about you. page 7
23. According to your author, by making mistakes you: a. have less chance of succeeding in life b. take more risks, stretch, grow, and enjoy life more c. increase your likelihood for self criticism d. none of the above
d. none of the above.
27. According to the character Harry Potter, what is it that shows what we truly are? a. our abilities. b. our self-esteem. c. our ability to fly. d. our choices.
d. our choices. page 67
20. Self-affirmations refer to: a. reminding yourself of your weaknesses b. telling yourself things are going to be OK c. giving in when you need to d. positive self statements or self-talk
d. positive self statements or self-talk. page 66
21. The key element in two way communication is:
feedback.
15. All of the following are guidelines for giving constructive criticism except:
focus on what is not being said as well as to what is being said.
34. According to Carl Rogers, the qualities essential to constructive communication are:
genuineness, acceptance and respect of others, and empathy.
29. Being honest and open about one's feelings refers to:
genuineness.
31. Our __________ consists of prejudices, past experiences, hopes, and anxieties, and is the avenue through which we process all the information we receive.
internal psychological filter.
28. In the __________ response, the receiver tries to tell the sender what his/her problem really is and how the sender really feels about the situation.
interpretative.
20. Distance which begins with skin contact and ranges out to about 18 inches is referred to as:
intimate distance.
6. An example of paralanguage might be:
monotone voice.
22. __________ is the study of vocal cues such as pitch, rate, tone, fluency, etc.
paralinguistics.
25. According to author Stephen Covey, the root of most communication problems is:
perception problems
5. Which of the following is not a commonly accepted part to the communication process?
the interferer.
7. Step Three of the communication process refers to the means by which the encoded communication is to be made. This step is referred to as:
transmission.
10. Which of the following is not a technique for improving verbal communication?
use emotion packed phrases.
