Human Resource Management
Training
Is the process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs Is a hallmark of good management Reduces an employer's exposure to negligent training liability
The Job Description
Job Identification Job Summary Relationships Responsibilities and Duties Standards of Performance and Working Conditions
Job Description
Job title FLSA status section Preparation date Preparer
Management by Objectives (MBO) A comprehensive and formal organizationwide goal-setting and appraisal program requiring:
1. Setting of organization's goals 2. Setting of departmental goals 3. Discussion of departmental goals 4. Defining expected results (setting individual goals) 5. Conducting periodic performance reviews 6. Providing performance feedback
Job Specifications
A list of a job's "human requirements," that is, the requisite education, skills, personality, and so on—another product of a job analysis.
Job Description
A list of a job's duties, responsibilities, reporting relationships, working conditions, and supervisory responsibilities—one product of a job analysis.
Severance Pay
A one-time payment when terminating an employee.
Reasons for granting severance pay:
Acts as a humanitarian gesture and good public relations. Mirrors employee's two-week quit notice. Avoids litigation from disgruntled former employees. Reassures employees who stay on after the employer downsizes its workforce of employer's good intentions.
Major Types of Tests
Basic skills tests Job skills tests Psychological tests
Possible Incentives
Bonuses, stock options and grants, profit sharing Better vacations, more flexible work hours Improved pension plans Equipment for home offices
The Orientation Process
Employee benefit information Personnel policies Daily routine Company organization and operations Safety measures and regulations Facilities tour
Incentives
Financial rewards paid to workers whose production exceeds a predetermined standard.
Advantages of On-the-Job Training
Inexpensive Learn by doing Immediate feedback
Coaching
Involves educating, instructing, and training subordinates Focuses on teaching shorter-term job-related skills
On-the-job training
OJT means having a person learn a job by actually doing it
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
Physiological (food, water, warmth) Security (a secure income, knowing one has a job) Social (friendships and camaraderie) Self-esteem (respect) Self-actualization (becoming a whole person)
Unemployment Insurance
Provides for benefits if a person is unable to work through no fault of his or her own. Is an employer payroll tax that is determined by an employer's rate of personnel terminations. Tax is collected and administered by the state.
Sick Leave
Provides pay to an employee when he or she is out of work because of illness. Costs for misuse of sick leave Pooled paid leave plans
Job Evaluation Methods: Ranking
Ranking each job relative to all other jobs, usually based on some overall factor. • Steps in job ranking: 1. Obtain job information. 2. Select and group jobs. 3. Select compensable factors. 4. Rank jobs. 5. Combine ratings.
Herzberg's Hygiene-Motivator Theory Motivators (intrinsic job factors)
Satisfy higher-level needs Job enrichment (challenging job, feedback, and recognition) addresses higher-level (achievement, self-actualization) needs.
Herzberg's Hygiene-Motivator Theory Hygienes (extrinsic job factors)
Satisfy lower-level needs Inadequate working conditions, salary, and incentive pay can cause dissatisfaction and prevent satisfaction.
Types of Questions Asked
Situational Behavioral Job-related Stress
Writing Job Descriptions
Step 1. Decide on a Plan Step 2. Develop an Organization Chart Step 3. Use a Simplified Job Analysis Questionnaire Step 4. Obtain List of Job Duties from O*NET Step 5. Compile the Job's Human Requirements from O*NET Step 6. Finalize the Job Description
Parental Leave
The Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) Up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave within a one-year period. Employees must take unused paid leave first. Employees on leave retain their health benefits. Employees have right to return to job or equivalent position.
Job Analysis
The procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements of a job and the kind of person who should be hired for it.
Selection Interview Formats
Unstructured (nondirective) interview Structured (directive) interview
Task Analysis
is a detailed study of the job to determine what specific skills the job requires
Performance Appraisal Systems
• Allow managers to keep notes on subordinates. • Notes can be merged with employee ratings. • Software generates written text to support appraisals. • Allows for employee self-monitoring and self-evaluation. • Electronic Performance Monitoring (EPM) Systems
Internal Sources of Candidates -> Disadvantages
• Failed applicants become discontented • Time wasted interviewing inside candidates who will not be considered • Inbreeding strengthens tendency to maintain the status quo
Setting SMART Goals
• Specific, and clearly state the desired results. • Measurable in answering "how much." • Attainable, and not too tough or too easy. • Relevant to what's to be achieved. • Timely in reflecting deadlines and milestones.