Human Resource Management

Training

Is the process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs Is a hallmark of good management Reduces an employer's exposure to negligent training liability

The Job Description

Job Identification Job Summary Relationships Responsibilities and Duties Standards of Performance and Working Conditions

Job Description

Job title FLSA status section Preparation date Preparer

Management by Objectives (MBO) A comprehensive and formal organizationwide goal-setting and appraisal program requiring:

1. Setting of organization's goals 2. Setting of departmental goals 3. Discussion of departmental goals 4. Defining expected results (setting individual goals) 5. Conducting periodic performance reviews 6. Providing performance feedback

Job Specifications

A list of a job's "human requirements," that is, the requisite education, skills, personality, and so on—another product of a job analysis.

Job Description

A list of a job's duties, responsibilities, reporting relationships, working conditions, and supervisory responsibilities—one product of a job analysis.

Severance Pay

A one-time payment when terminating an employee.

Reasons for granting severance pay:

Acts as a humanitarian gesture and good public relations. Mirrors employee's two-week quit notice. Avoids litigation from disgruntled former employees. Reassures employees who stay on after the employer downsizes its workforce of employer's good intentions.

Major Types of Tests

Basic skills tests Job skills tests Psychological tests

Possible Incentives

Bonuses, stock options and grants, profit sharing Better vacations, more flexible work hours Improved pension plans Equipment for home offices

The Orientation Process

Employee benefit information Personnel policies Daily routine Company organization and operations Safety measures and regulations Facilities tour

Incentives

Financial rewards paid to workers whose production exceeds a predetermined standard.

Advantages of On-the-Job Training

Inexpensive Learn by doing Immediate feedback

Coaching

Involves educating, instructing, and training subordinates Focuses on teaching shorter-term job-related skills

On-the-job training

OJT means having a person learn a job by actually doing it

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:

Physiological (food, water, warmth) Security (a secure income, knowing one has a job) Social (friendships and camaraderie) Self-esteem (respect) Self-actualization (becoming a whole person)

Unemployment Insurance

Provides for benefits if a person is unable to work through no fault of his or her own. Is an employer payroll tax that is determined by an employer's rate of personnel terminations. Tax is collected and administered by the state.

Sick Leave

Provides pay to an employee when he or she is out of work because of illness. Costs for misuse of sick leave Pooled paid leave plans

Job Evaluation Methods: Ranking

Ranking each job relative to all other jobs, usually based on some overall factor. • Steps in job ranking: 1. Obtain job information. 2. Select and group jobs. 3. Select compensable factors. 4. Rank jobs. 5. Combine ratings.

Herzberg's Hygiene-Motivator Theory Motivators (intrinsic job factors)

Satisfy higher-level needs Job enrichment (challenging job, feedback, and recognition) addresses higher-level (achievement, self-actualization) needs.

Herzberg's Hygiene-Motivator Theory Hygienes (extrinsic job factors)

Satisfy lower-level needs Inadequate working conditions, salary, and incentive pay can cause dissatisfaction and prevent satisfaction.

Types of Questions Asked

Situational Behavioral Job-related Stress

Writing Job Descriptions

Step 1. Decide on a Plan Step 2. Develop an Organization Chart Step 3. Use a Simplified Job Analysis Questionnaire Step 4. Obtain List of Job Duties from O*NET Step 5. Compile the Job's Human Requirements from O*NET Step 6. Finalize the Job Description

Parental Leave

The Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) Up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave within a one-year period. Employees must take unused paid leave first. Employees on leave retain their health benefits. Employees have right to return to job or equivalent position.

Job Analysis

The procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements of a job and the kind of person who should be hired for it.

Selection Interview Formats

Unstructured (nondirective) interview Structured (directive) interview

Task Analysis

is a detailed study of the job to determine what specific skills the job requires

Performance Appraisal Systems

• Allow managers to keep notes on subordinates. • Notes can be merged with employee ratings. • Software generates written text to support appraisals. • Allows for employee self-monitoring and self-evaluation. • Electronic Performance Monitoring (EPM) Systems

Internal Sources of Candidates -> Disadvantages

• Failed applicants become discontented • Time wasted interviewing inside candidates who will not be considered • Inbreeding strengthens tendency to maintain the status quo

Setting SMART Goals

• Specific, and clearly state the desired results. • Measurable in answering "how much." • Attainable, and not too tough or too easy. • Relevant to what's to be achieved. • Timely in reflecting deadlines and milestones.