Humanities chapter 2

The Greek ____ games promoted both individual excellence and communal pride.

Olympic

Which was fundamental to Athenian democracy with regard to voting?

Only citizens could vote

The outstanding architectural achievement of Golden Age Athens is the

Parthenon

Which value is central to the Iliad?

Heroic action

In analyzing specific examples to arrive at general principles or universal truths, which type of reasoning did Socrates use?

Inductive

Who were the opponents in the ten-year-long war that was the basis for the Iliad and the Odyssey-the two great epic poems of the ancient Greeks?

Mycenae and Troy

The Minoan civilization was eventually brought to an end when Crete was absorbed by the

Mycenaeans

Which feature relates to the great monument of Classical architecture, and which relates to Egyptian architecture?

Egyptian: designed to honor the dead Classical: designed to serve the living

Which of the following were characteristics of the Olympic games?

-Instituted to honor the gods -occurred every four years -located in one of the great religious centers of Greece -took place at midsummer -even occurred during wartime

Determine which of the following characteristics applies to Ionic columns and which applies to Corinthian

-Ionic: slender columns terminating in paired scrolls -Corinthian: capitals consist of acanthus leaves

Which characteristics are associated with lyric poetry?

-It was meant to be sung -It expressed deep emotions

What qualities are present in Aristotle's principle of the Golden Mean?

-Moderation -Balance

Which of the following apply to the military strategy of Alexander the Great?

-equipped with superior weapons -had an army of 35,000 -army composed of Greeks and Macedonians -used catapults and battering rams

Which of the following are facts about the Hellenistic Age?

-trade routes linked Arabia, East Africa, and Central Asia -Greek, African, and Asian cultures blended -it lasted almost 300 years -it was defined by cosmopolitanism and urbanism

Which of the following are associated with the Greek Sophists

-traveling scholar-teachers -masters of formal debate -aimed to define the limits of human knowledge

What qualities are present in Aristotle's principal of the Golden Mean?

-Balance -Moderation

Which materials were used in the construction of the Parthenon?

-Bronze -dowels -marble

What were two principal forms of Greek drama popular during the Golden Age in Athens

-Comedy -Tragedy

Which of the following were common characteristics of the Greek city-states?

-Common religion -Autonomous -Shared language

Which are the three orders of architectural design developed by the Greeks?

-Corinthian -Doric -Ionic

Which of the following relate to the early Greek philosophers of the sixth century BCE?

-Engaged in careful observation -engaged in the exercise of pure reason -introduced methods of intellectual inquiry

Which reasons made Aristotle question the viability of democracy?

-Governments should function in the interest of the state, not any one individual or group -Demagogues could achieve extreme influence, passing poor laws -Power lay in the hands of the poor masses

Which descriptions can be said of Aristotle?

-He tutored the future Alexander the Great -He was Macedonian -He was known as the "peripatetic philosopher" -He was a student of Plato

Which of the following are associated with the Greek origin myth?

-Hellen -Zeus -Deucallon

Which characteristics relate to the Hellenistic world, and which to that of the Greek city-states?

-Hellenistic: community loyalties were impersonal -Greek city-states: citizens identified with their community

What questions did the earliest Greek philosophers ask?

-How do things come to exist? -What substance lies behind the world of appearance? -What is everything made of?

Which of the following were qualities of the Greek gods?

-Quarrelsome -immortal -amorous

Which facts are known about the Greek woman named Sappho?

-She was a lyric poet -She was born into an aristocratic family -She lived on the island of Lesbos -She taught other women to write lyric poetry

Match the descriptions on the right with the correct Hellenistic school of thought

-Skeptics:Denies the possibility of knowing anything with certainty -Cynics: held that spiritual satisfaction came from renouncing societal values -Epicureans: taught that one must avoid any from of physical excess -Stoics: sought to unify the individual will with that of nature

Which of the following are associated with the Mycenaean citadels on mainland Greece?

-Stone lions -Cyclopean -Symbols of royal power

In building the Parthenon, how did the architects use engineering to counter various negative optical effects?

-The Doric columns swell slightly near the center -All columns tilt slightly inward

In building the Pathenon, how did the architects use engineering to counter various negative optical effects?

-The Doric columns swell slightly near the center -All columns tilt slightly inward

Which of the following does Plato discuss in the Republic?

-The meaning of justice -a two-level reality -the nature of justice -a theory of knowledge

Which of the following can be said of the Greek polis of Sparta?

-Women enjoyed more freedom than Athenian women -its leaders were elected annually -military training began at age seven -it was led by an oligarchy of five officials

Which of the following were characteristics of Athenian democracy?

-citizens had the power to approve state policy -citizens had the power to make the laws -only landowning men older than 18 were considered citizens

Which are qualities of Aristotle's empirical method?

-consistency -clarity -objectivity

Which were features or subjects of Parthenon sculptures?

-contest between Poseidon and Athena -brightly painted figures -combat between the Greeks and the Giants -The birth of Athena -Amazons and Centaurs

What qualities are embodied in the Doryphorus, or Spear-Bearer sculpture?

-energy -simultaneous motion and repose -confidence

How did the Athenian statesman Solon set Athens on the path toward democracy?

-he abolished the custom of debt slavery -he educated citizens in the activities of government -he encouraged lower classes to serve in public office

Which of the following are associated with Hippocrates?

-investigated the influence on the environment on health -the most famous of the Greek physicians -investigated influence of diet on health -suggested a link between disease and an imbalance in the humors

What characteristics were most likely true about music in ancient Greece?

-it was monophonic -it lacked harmony as we know it

Which of the following relate to the ancient Greek shrine of Apollo?

-located at Mt. Olympia -described as the "navel" of the earth -seen as the center of the universe

Which characteristics describe Thucydides?

-military general -writing style featured terse, graphic descriptions -assessed the political and moral consequences of war

What characteristics were prized in depicting human form in sculptures of the Classical period?

-rotation of torso -Greater weight distribution on one leg -solemn facial expression

Place the events of the Greek-Persian Wars in chronological order, beginning with the earliest and ending with the latest.

1. lonians revolt against Persian rule 2. Greeks and persians battle on the place of Marathon 3. A Greek warrior runs 26 miles with news of victory 4. Greeks build a fleet of warships 5. Greeks defeat the Persians at Salamis

What is the Parthenon?

A Greek temple dedicated to Athena

What contribution did Pericles make to Athens?

He initiated sweeping democratic reforms

The Iliad is the story of the hero ___, who initially refused to go to war against the Trojans

Achilles

Who competed in the original Greek Olympic games?

All Greek city-states

During which period were female sculptures fully clothed, ornamental, and columnar?

Archaic

A student of Plato, _______ founded a school in Athens known as the Lyceum

Aristotle

After the Greeks won the Persian War, the city-state of _________ became both politically and commercially dominant

Athens

After the Greeks won the Persian War, the city-states of _______ became both politically and commercially dominant

Athens

What was the new emphasis of freestanding Hellenistic sculpture?

Capturing human emotion

Which of the three programs of architectural design, or orders, was most ornate?

Corinthian

The democracy practiced in the U.S. still follows the model of Athenian democracy

FALSE

According to current theory regarding Greek drama, what was the source from which tragedy evolved?

Fertility rituals related to death and decay of crops

Which of the following applies to Greek theaters as well as Greek temples?

Functioned as public meeting places

The Iliad and the Odyssey became the national poems of ancient ___________

Greece

What was the driving force behind the evolution of Greek Classical style?

Harmonious order

The Greek physician named ___ is thought of as the "Father of medicine"

Hippocrates

Through ____ has long been considered the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, the authorship of both epic poems is in question

Homer

In the literary genre of tragedy, what makes the protagonist a tragic hero?

How he confronts his destiny

What were Greek theaters designed to celebrate?

Life here on earth

The maritime civilization that flourished on the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea during the Bronze Age that is, between 2000 and 1400 BCE was referred to as

Minoan

The two dominant Bronze Age civilizations of the Aegean Sea region were the Mycenaeans and the

Minoans

The tow dominant Bronze Age civilizations of the Aegean Sea region were the Mycenaeans and the

Minoans.

The _____ recounts the story of a hero of the Trojan War and his adventure-packed sea journey back to home, family, and kingdom

Odyssey

What best describes Minoan culture?

Prosperous and seafaring

The Greek man named ___ was the founding father of pure mathematics.

Pythagoras

The foremost philosopher of Athens was _________, who vigorously opposed the views of the Sophists, especially their view that truth and justice were relative concepts.

Socrates

On what basis did Socrates oppose the view of the Sophists?

Socrates viewed truth and justice as absolutes

Who is the statesman credited with placing Athens on the path toward democracy?

Solon

The first Greek humanist philosophers were called the

Sophists

True of false: the stories presented in Greek tragedy were generally familiar to the average Greek theater-goer.

TRUE

What is the central significance of the Iliad and the Odyssey to Greek-speaking people?

They honor their common heritage

What was one key question of the earliest Greek philosophers?

What is the basic substance of nature?

Which gods were viewed as the ruling deities by the ancient Greeks?

Zeus and Hera

Drag statements on the right to match the left.

Zeus: sky god Hera: Zeus's wife Poseidon: God of the sea Apollo: God of light Dionysus: God of wine Athena: Goddess of wisdom and war Aphrodite: Goddess of love and beauty

What is the term for the system of notation and reasoned thought Aristotle formulated for reaching a conclusion without reference to specific content?

a syllogism

In the Republic, Plato uses a literary device known as ________, by which the literal text can be interpreted to reveal a figurative or "hidden" meaning.

allegory

How did the ancient Greeks view their gods?

as very human-like

Why did the human nude form dominate Classical Greek art?

because the human body was seen as nature's perfect creation

In the dualistic model of Platonic idealism, the mind belongs to the world of the eternal Forms, whereas the _________ belongs to the sensory world.

body

The principle of symmetry, which was actively used in Greek canon, is evidence in the human

body

The principle of symmetry, which was actively used in the Greek canon, is evidenced in the human

body

The set of rules that Greek artists and architects established for determining physical proportion is called a(n)

canon

Greek tragedy gave expression to the worst kinds of human experience, while ________ was rooted in incongruities and unexpected

comedy

The natural, graceful pose depicted in Classical Greek sculpture was later called ____ by Italian Renaissance artists

contrapposto

According to Aristotle in his Poetics, the action of a story should be limited to a single

day

Following the teachings of Socrates, Plato wrote his treatises using the ___ method.

dialectical

The ancient Greeks were the first masters in the art of _____, the literary genre that tells a story through the limitation of action

drama

One of Aristotle's significant contributions is the branch of philosophy known as _____, which sets forth principles for human conduct.

ethics

True or false: The most famous fresco from the Minoan palace at Knossos features the sport of pole vaulting.

false

True or false: in the literary genre of tragedy, the protagonist emerges as a tragic hero because of the multiple catastrophes he must face

false

Of the three principal types of ancient Greek musical instruments, we know that the lyre and the kithara belonged to the harp family, whereas the aulos was a

flute

Plato referred to the higher reality of eternal truths as _________, which were distinct from sensory experience/

forms

The Greek philosophers who made the transition from exploring matter to exploring the mind established the ______ direction of Greek philosophy.

humanist

Greek art is said to be ____ because it focuses so consistently on the actions of human beings

humanistic

Archaic Greek painters and sculptors strove for a balance between real and ______

ideal

Both vocal and _________ music were common in Greek life.

instrumental

Why is the Doryphorus considered to be so significant a sculpture?

it embodies the ideal human proportions

For their music, the Greeks devised a system of ___ or types of scales characterized by fixed pattern of pitch and temp within the octave

mode

The Greek word _____ descibes any of the nine mythological daughters of Zeus and the goddess of memory

muse

According to the Greek mythology, the ___ presided over the arts and sciences.

muses

In its early history, Athens was an ______, meaning that an elite minority controlled the government

oligarchy

In ancient Greek theaters, the circular "dancing space" in front of the stage is known as the

orchestra

Which of the following best characterizes the culture of Sparta?

strict social order

A ____ is a deductive scheme, formulated by Aristotle, that requires an argument to be divided into individual terms, as well as a method of reasoning

syllogism

The Greek canon established by artists and architects used the principle known as ___, meaning the correspondence of opposite parts in size, shape, or position

symmetry

What is the Doctrine of Ethos

the belied that music influences moral character

Greek supplicants came to the shrine of Apollo to have their questions answered by

the oracle at Delphi

What is a central theme of the Parthenon's sculptural program?

the victory of intellect over passion

True or False: Because their aim was greater naturalism, Hellenistic sculptors created portraits of the young, the old, and even the deformed.

true

True or false: Both Plato and Aristotle believed that children should learn music and dancing at an early age.

true

Which of the following was a strategy the architects of the Parthenon used to achieve their aesthetic goals?

use of post-and-lintel construction

The ancient Greeks traced their origins to the fury of _______, who sent a flood to destroy humans because he was angered by their evil

zeus