HW Bone Tissue Chapter 6

Bone increases in thickness by

Appositional Growth

What type of bone cell secretes hydroxyapatite and collagen fibers?

B

Which vitamin does not play a role in bone growth and development?

B6

Which statement about calcium is and its role in the body is true?

Blood clotting and proper nerve function rely on the use of calcium.

Which of the following is a function of osteoblasts?

Bone Deposition

In the diagram, what bone is considered the strongest?

C

In which region of the diagram would yellow bone marrow be located?

C

Which of the following bones in the body DO NOT undergo intramembranous ossification?

Humerus

Which bone cell has a brush border and is responsible for bone resorption?

Osteoclasts

Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?

Osteoclasts, Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

____ engage in bone resorption and ____engage in bone deposition.

Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

Which of the following is found in compact bone but not in spongy bone?

Osteons

Mrs. Turner is a 70-year-old female developed right hip pain after sitting down too quickly. Taking an X-ray confirmed a fracture in her hip. Because of her age and mechanism of injury she was recommended to get a bone mineral density test performed. What condition is Mrs. Turner being further tested for?

Osteoporosis

What is the most important hormone in the regulation of Ca2+ exchange?

Parathyroid hormone

When considering endochondral ossification, how does the primary ossification center develop?

Periosteal capillaries infiltrate the remodeling cartilage.

Which zone anchors the epiphyseal plate to the epiphysis of the bone?

Resting Cartilage

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate holds the cells that are not functioning in bone growth? The zone of:

Resting cartilage

What is the thick bundle of collagen that connects the periosteum to the bone?

Sharpey's

Which of the following bones are involved in hemopoiesis in adults?

Sternum

Mary, an avid runner, was complaining that her lower leg hurt. After going to the doctor, they did not see anything on x-rays of her tibia or fibula. The doctor ordered a bone scan and saw tiny fissures throughout her tibia without any other tissue damage. What is Mary's likely diagnosis?

Stress Fracture

Why do greenstick fractures commonly occur in children?

Their bones contain higher amounts of collagen.

What is the function of the fibrocartilaginous callus in bone repair?

To bridge the broken ends of bone together with collagen and cartilage.

What is stored with in the YELLOW bone marrow?

Triglycerides

Periosteal arteries enter the diaphysis region of a bone via many ___ canals.

Volkmanns

Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification?

Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification?

Compact bone tissue contains all of the fallowing EXCEPT.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Which of the following is not considered a basic function of the skeletal muscle system?

energy production

Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of __, which would inhibit ___.

estrogen; osteoclast activity

What is the precursor of osteoclasts?

monocytes

Which of the following is an integral part of bone resorption?

normal development

The cells active in fracture repair during the production of the hard (spongy bone) callus.

osteoblasts

_____ are cells that synthesize and secrete collagen fibers needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone.

osteoblasts

_____are cells that synthesize and secrete collagen fibers needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone.

osteoblasts

This cell is active once the matrix of bone calcifies. The cells sits in a lacunae.

osteocytes

Which of the following types of bone cells come from basic mesenchymal tissue, undergo mitosis, and are responsible for developing into "bone-building" cells?

osteogenic cells

How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned? How does the osteon arrangement affect bone strength?

parallel to the length of the diaphysis; the shaft resists bending even when stresses are applied in certain directions.

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

protection from invading organisms

Which order for the process of calcification is correct? Mineral crystals form around collagen fibers Osteoprogenitor cells form osteoblasts Osteoblasts make collagen fibers Extracellular matrix is constructed

2,3,4,1

Which order for the process of intramembranous ossification is correct? 1. Canaliculi radiate 2. Mesenchyme cells become osteoprogenitor cells 3. Trabeculae and red bone marrow form 4. Osteoblasts secrete extracellular bone matrix 5. Mesenchyme cells become periosteum

2,4,1,3,5

The blood plasma level of calcium ions is closely regulated between?

9-11 mg/100ml

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?

A and B

Where in the diagram is hyaline cartilage located?

A and E

___ is the deposition and hardening of mineral salts.

Calcification

Which two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?

Calcium and Phosphorous

A ____ fracture involves exclusively the radius and ulna from a FOOSH and landing on the ventral aspect of the wrist.

Colles

What is the name of a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into pieces at the point of impact and has small fragments in between the 2 main parts of the broken bone?

Comminuted

The skeletal system has various functions. Which of the following does not describe one of its functions?

Contraction

Risk factors for osteoporosis include all of the following except:

Diet rich in calcium & vitamin D

The ______ is composed of hyaline cartilage and allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

Epiphyseal Plate

Articular cartilage is found predominantly on the _________ region of the humerus.

Epiphysis

Which step is NOT part of the process of endochondral ossification?

Formation of trabeculae

In the reparative phase of fracture repair, you will see all of the following except:

Fracture hematoma forms

Which form of fracture has one side of the bone breaking and the other side bending?

Greenstick

Which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children?

Greenstick

In the process of endochondral ossification, which step do endogenous and exogenous growth occur?

Growth of cartilage model

In which step of endochondral ossification does cell division of the chondrocytes occur?

Growth of the cartilage model

In the diagram, which is the first blood vessel that enters the bone model in endochondral ossification?

H

Which bone tissue cell is responsible for synthesizing the materials needed to produce the extracellular matrix?

Osteoblasts

List the order of the zones in an epiphyseal plate from the diaphyseal region to the distal epiphysis. A: Zone of calcified cartilage B: Zone of hypertrophic cartilage C: Zone of proliferating cartilage D: Zone of resting cartilage

a,b,c,d

The ______ is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.

articular cartilage

Which structure of the long bone is responsible for the reduction of friction and absorbs shock?

articular cartilage

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate contains the least amount of chondrocytes?

the zone of resting cartilage