Hydraulic Conductivity

Fractured Crystalline (Porosity)

(0%-10%)

Shale (Porosity)

(0%-10%)

Karst Limestone (Porosity)

(0%-40%)

Limestone, Dolomite (Porosity)

(0%-40%)

Dense Crystalline (Porosity)

(0%-5%)

5 Key Functions of a Watershed

(1) Collection of Water (2) Storage of Water (3) Discharge of Water (4) Reactions in Water (5) Habitat Grows from Water

Siltstone (Porosity)

(21%-41%)

Gravel, Coarse (Porosity)

(24%-36%)

Gravel, Fine (Porosity)

(25%-38%)

Sand, Fine (Porosity

(26%-53%)

Basalt (Porosity)

(3%-35%)

Sand, Coarse (Porosity)

(31%-46%)

Weathered Granite (Porosity)

(34%-57%)

Clay (Porosity)

(34%-60%)

Silt (Porosity)

(34%-60%)

Weathered Gabbro (Porosity)

(42%-45%)

Sandstone (Porosity)

(5%-30%)

Aquifer

Geologic Unit that is sufficiently permeable to supply water to a well.

Effective Porosity

The ratio of volume occupied by connected voids to total sediment or rock.

Porosity

The ratio of volume occupied by water to total volume of sediment or rock

Hydraulic Conductivity

the relative ease with which water is able to flow through a sediment or rock.

Soil water zone

voids in soil caused by the cracking and decay of plant roots.

Continuity Equation

ΔV/ΔT= (I-O)

K

(kpg)/µ (permeability)*(density of water)*(acceleration due to gravity)/(dynamic viscosity)

Karst

A landscape typified by sinkholes, sinking streams, and subsurface drainage.

Viscosity

A measure of friction between molecules in a liquid.

Intrinsic Permeability

A property of the porous medium that measures the relative ease with which include can be transmitted through it under a hydraulic gradient. It is dependent upon the poor size and is measured in Darcy's.

Gaining Stream

A stream in which groundwater discharges contribute significantly to the stream flow volume.

Losing Stream

A stream, typically in a dry climate, that lies above the water table and loses water to an aquifer.

(Et)

Evapotranspiration

(Gin)

Groundwater Inflow

(Gout)

Groundwater Out

k

Intrinsic Permeability

Water Table

Location where water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. Approximately the top of the saturated zone.

P

Precipitation

(R)

River Discharge

Phreatic Zone

Saturated Zone contains only water.

Vadose Zone

Unsaturated Zone contains air and water.

ne

effective porosity

Kozeny-Carmen Equation

k= (n^3)d/(180*(1-n)^2)