Hydraulics Ch. 1-3 review

Charle's law

A basic gas law that states the volume of a gas, held at a constant pressure, varies directly with the absolute temperature.

Bernolli's theorem

A basic scientific law stating that in a flowing frictionless fluid a reduction in the cross- sectional area of the conductor will result in an increase in velocity and a decrease in pressure of the fluid at the point of restriction.

Pascal's law

A basic scientific law that states pressure applied to a confined, nonflowing fluid is transmitted undimished to all points in the fluid.

Sensible heat

Can be measured with a thermometer and is encountered when a room is too hot or too cold or when a substance feels cold, warm, or hot when it is touched.

Wheel and Axle

Consists of a wheel attached to an axle. The common center of the wheel and axle is the fulcrum, allowing the device to act as a second or third class lever depending where the effort is applied.

Wedge

Consists of two inclined planes that share a common base.

How do pressure controllers work?

Output pressure exceeds the set pressure than it bypasses.

kinetic energy

energy in motion

Potential energy

energy that is stored.

What are the 2 units of power?

horsepower watts

Define inertia

the tendency of all objects to remain either at rest or moving in the same direction, unless acted on by an outside force.

Rotational actuator

A fluid power actuator used to produce torque and rotary motion.

Linear actuator

A term often used to indicate a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder. It converts fluid pressure and flow into linear mechanical force and movement.

What is a check valve?

A valve that normally allows fluid flow in only one direction.

Pulley

Allows the direction of a force to be changed.

Second class lever

Has the load arm between the effort arm and the fulcrum. example: a nutcracker

Temperature

Is a measure of the hotness or coldness of a substance.

Incline Plane

Is a slope used to reduce the force needed to lift an object.

Screw

Is an inclined plane wrapped around a rod to form a continuous spiral, or thread.

What are the six basic machines?

Lever, Inclined Plane, Wedge, Screw, Pulley, Wheel and Axle.

Define laminar flow

Nonturbulent flow in layers of a viscous fluid through a conductor.

Boyle's law

One of the basic gas laws that states the volume of a gas, held at a constant temperature, varies inversely with the pressure.

Lever

One of the simple machines. Consists of a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum. Used to multiply a force or movement.

Latent heat of fusion

The amount of latent heat involved when a substance is changed from a liquid to a solid or a solid to a liquid.

Latent heat of vaporization

The amount of latent heat involved when a substance is changed from a liquid to a vapor or a vapor to a liquid.

Define work

The application of force through a distance.

Third class lever

The effort arm is placed between the load arm and the fulcrum. example: salad tongs

First class lever

The fulcrum is located between the effort and load arms. example: pliers

Define Power

The rate at which work is preformed or energy expanded.

Define mechanical advantage

The ratio of the force produced by a machine to the applied input force.

Define torque

The turning or twisting force applied to a shaft.

Latent heat

This is heat that changes the state of a substance without changing its temperature.

What does work equal?

Work= Force x Distance (W=Fd)