IB biology immune

what drives epidemics

-global trade - global travel - urbanization

Which of the following statements about antibodies is correct? A. Antibodies are polypeptides. B. Antibodies are produced by the bone marrow. C. Antibodies are pathogenic foreign substances. D. Antibodies kill bacteria but not viruses.

A. Antibodies are polypeptides.

How can active (getting) immunity be acquired? A. By having the disease B. Injection of antibodies C. Through colostrum (mother's milk) D. Via placenta

A. By having the disease

Rhesus factor is an antigen present on the surface of red blood cells of Rhesus positive individuals. Rhesus positive (Rh+) is dominant to Rhesus negative (Rh- ). A mother with Rhesus (-) blood gives birth to a baby with Rh+ positive blood and there are concerns that subsequent pregnancies will trigger an immune response. What is a possible explanation for why subsequent pregnancies could trigger an immune response? A. Exposure to the Rh+ antigen in the first pregnancy triggered the development of antibodies that could attack the blood of a future Rh+ baby. B. Exposure to the Rh+ antigen in the first pregnancy triggered the development of specific phagocytes that could attack the blood of a future Rh+ baby. C. The mother has developed passive immunity to the Rh+ factor. D. The mother's immune system has been weakened by pregnancy.

A. Exposure to the Rh+ antigen in the first pregnancy triggered the development of antibodies that could attack the blood of a future Rh+ baby.

What is the difference between the origin of type I and type II diabetes? Type I; Type II A. I caused by an autoimmune reaction; II target cells fail to respond to insulin B. I occurs in adults only; IIstarts in childhood C. I too much insulin secreted; II too little insulin secreted D. I caused by dietary problems; IIcaused by hereditary factors

A. I caused by an autoimmune reaction; II target cells fail to respond to insulin

What name is given to the molecules that bind to foreign proteins that enter the body? A. Antigens B. Antibodies C. Allergens D. Antibiotics

B. Antibodies

Which term describes a molecule capable of triggering an immune response? A. Antibody B. Antigen C. Pathogen D. Antibiotic

B. Antigen

Which factors related to mucous membranes protect the body against microbes? I. Production of lysozyme II. Secretion of alkaline solutions III. Trapping of microbes A. I and II only B. II and III only C. I and III only D. I, II and III

B. I and III only

How do vaccines give immunity to infectious diseases? A. They kill pathogenic microbes. B. They produce an immune response. C. They contain antibodies against pathogens. D. They inhibit the antigen-antibody reaction.

B. They produce an immune response.

What are fused in the production of monoclonal antibodies? A. Tumour cells and T-cells B. Tumour cells and B-cells C. B-cells and T-cells D. Antibodies and antigens

B. Tumour cells and B-cells

When a pathogen is ingested by a phagocyte, which event occurs first? A. T-cell activation B. Memory cell proliferation C. Antigen presentation by the phagocyte D. B-cell activation

C. Antigen presentation by the phagocyte

Where in a cell are antigens found? A. In the nucleus B. In the cytoplasm C. In the plasma membrane D. On the surface of the Golgi apparatus

C. In the plasma membrane

Which cells activate helper T-cells by antigen presentation? A. B-cells B. Bacteria C. Macrophages D. Plasma cells

C. Macrophages

What are two effects of HIV on the immune system? A. Reduction in antibody production and increase in active lymphocytes B. Increase in antibody production and decrease in red blood cells C. Reduction in antibody production and decrease in active lymphocytes D. Increase in antibody production and increase in red blood cells

C. Reduction in antibody production and decrease in active lymphocytes

What prevents antibiotics from being effective against viruses? A. Viruses have a high rate of mutation. B. Viruses have no RNA. C. Viruses have no metabolism. D. Viruses have a protein shell that protects them

C. Viruses have no metabolism.

What stimulates the production of antibodies? A. AIDS B. Antibiotics C. Anticodons D. Antigens

D. Antigens

What does the nucleus of a human lymphocyte contain? A. Only the genes to produce a specific antigen B. Only the genes to produce a range of antibodies C. Only the genes that control the growth and development of a lymphocyte D. The whole genetic information for a human

D. The whole genetic information for a human