ICS 124 Finals Exam
Three categories of risks are A) business risks, personnel risks, budget risks B) project risks, technical risks, business risks C) planning risks, technical risks, personnel risks D) management risks, technical risks, design risks
B
Which measurement activity is missing from the list below? Formulation Collection Analysis Interpretation A) design B) feedback C) measurement D) quantification
B
Which of the following is not a measurable characteristic of an object-oriented design? A) completeness B) efficiency C) size D) volatility
B
Which of the following is not one of the guiding principles of software project scheduling: A) compartmentalization B) market assessment C) time allocation D) effort validation
B
Which of these software characteristics is not a factor contributing to project coordination difficulties? A) interoperability B) performance C) scale D) uncertainty
B
Risk projection attempts to rate each risk in two ways A) likelihood and cost B) likelihood and impact C) likelihood and consequences D) likelihood and exposure
C
Software risk always involves two characteristics A) fire fighting and crisis management B) known and unknown risks C) uncertainty and loss D) staffing and budget
C
Effective risk management plan needs to address which of these issues? A) risk avoidance B) risk monitoring C) contingency planning D) all of the above
D
The first step in project planning is to A) determine the budget. B) select a team organizational model. C) determine the project constraints. D) establish the objectives and scope.
D
When can selected common process framework activities be omitted during process decomposition? A) when the project is extremely small in size B) any time the software is mission critical C) rapid prototyping does not require their use D) never—the activities should always occur
D
Which of the following software quality factors is most likely to be affected by radical changes to computing architectures? A) operation B) transition C) revision D) none of the above
D
In agile software development estimation techniques focus on the time required to complete each A) increment B) function C) task D) all of the above
A
Component-level metrics include measures of(Choose 3) A) complexity B) coupling C) module cohesion D) performance
A,B,C
Which factors should be considered in choosing the organizational structure for a software team? (Choose 3) A) degree of communication desired B) predicted size of the resulting program C) rigidity of the delivery date D) size of the project budget
A,B,C
Architectural design metrics focus on(Choose 2) A) architectural structure B) data structural relationships C) internal module complexity D) module effectiveness
A,D
Which of the following items are not measured by software project metrics? A) inputs B) markets C) outputs D) results
B
The IEEE software maturity index is used to provide a measure of the A) maintainability of a software product based on its availability B) relative age of a software product being considered for retirement C) reliability of a software product following regression testing D) stability of a software product as it is modified during maintenance
D
Which of the following is not generally considered a player in the software process? A) customers B) end-users C) project managers D) sales people
D
Small agile teams have no place in modern software development.
False
Object-oriented project measures may be combined with historical project data to provide metrics that aid in project estimation.
True
A task set is a collection of A) engineering work tasks, milestones, deliverables B) task assignments, cost estimates, metrics C) milestones, deliverables, metrics D) responsibilities, milestones, documents
A
FP-based estimation techniques require problem decomposition based on A) information domain values B) project schedule C) software functions D) process activities
A
One of the best ways to avoid frustration during the software development process is to A) give team members more control over process and technical decisions. B) give team members less control over process and technical decisions. C) hide bad news from the project team members until things improve. D) reward programmers based on their productivity.
A
One of the most important attributes for a software product metric is that it should be A) easy to compute B) qualitative in nature C) reliable over time D) widely applicable
A
Which of the following is not a measure that can be collected from a Web application project? A) Customization index B) Number of dynamic objects C) Number of internal page links D) Number of static web pages
A
The best project team organizational model to use when tackling extremely complex problems is the A) closed paradigm B) open paradigm C) random paradigm D) synchronous paradigm
B
Software project estimation techniques can be broadly classified under which of the following headings?(Choose 2) A) automated processes B) decomposition techniques C) empirical models D) regression models
B,C
LOC-based estimation techniques require problem decomposition based on A) information domain values B) project schedule C) software functions D) process activities
C
The 40-20-40 rule suggests that the least of amount of development effort be spent on A) estimation and planning B) analysis and design C) coding D) testing
C
Which of these software characteristics are used to determine the scope of a software project? A) context, lines of code, function B) context, function, communication requirements C) information objectives, function, performance D) communications requirements, performance, information objectives
C
Process-based estimation techniques require problem decomposition based on(Choose 2) A) information domain values B) project schedule C) software functions D) process activities, actions and/or tasks
C,D
Process framework activities are populated with A) milestones B) work products C) QA points D) All of the above
D
Function points are of no use in developing estimates for object-oriented software.
False
A software quality metric that can be used at both the process and project levels is defect removal efficiency (DRE).
True
Most technical software metrics described in this chapter represent indirect measures of software attributes that are useful in the quantitative assessment of software quality.
True
Most testing metrics actually focus on the process of testing rather than the technical characteristics of the tests themselves.
True
Organizations that achieve high levels of maturity in people management have a higher likelihood of implementing effective software engineering processes.
True
The software metrics chosen by an organization are driven by the business or technical goals an organization wishes to accomplish.
True
Timeline charts assist project managers in determining what tasks will be conducted at a given point in time.
True
When agreement between estimates is poor the cause may often be traced to inadequately defined project scope or inappropriate productivity data.
True
Baseline data must be collected in an on-going manner and cannot be computed by formal study of historical project data.
False
Generic risks require far more attention than product-specific risks.
False
Risk information sheets (RIS) are never an acceptable substitute for a full risk mitigation, monitoring, and management (RMMM) plan.
False
The hardware required for most computer-based systems is more costly to purchase than the software.
False
The only reason an estimate may be unreliable is lack of experience with the application on the part of the estimator.
False
There is no need to reconcile LOC and FP measures since each is meaningful in its own right as a project measure.
False
Unlike a LOC or function point each person's "use-case" is exactly the same size.
False
Use-case oriented metrics are computed directly from UML diagrams and they are often used as normalization measures.
False
WebApp projects only require the creation of a macro schedule.
False
In many cases metrics for one model may be used in later software engineering activities (e.g., design metrics may be used in test planning).
True
Individual team members can make their own estimate for a risk probability and then develop a consensus value.
True
It is possible to use a modified function point technique to develop estimates for Web applications.
True
Project scope is defined as a means of bounding the system so that cost and schedule can be estimated effectively.
True
Putnam's software equation is a dynamic empirical model that has two independent parameters: a size estimate and an indication of project duration in calendar months or years.
True
Software quality and functionality must be measured indirectly.
True
Testing effort can also be estimated using metrics derived from cylcomatic complexity.
True
Using a statistical technique like decision tree analysis can provide some assistance in sorting out the true costs associated with the make-buy decision.
True
COCOMO II is an example of a suite of modern empirical estimation models that require sizing information expressed as: A) function points B) lines of code C) object points D) any of the above
D
Hazard analysis focuses on the identification and assessment of potential hazards that can cause A) project termination B) schedule slippage C) cost overruns D) an entire system to fail
D
Process indicators enable a software project manager to A) assess the status of an on-going project B) track potential risks C) adjust work flow or tasks D) all of the above
D
Reusable software components must be A) catalogued for easy reference. B) standardized for easy application. C) validated for easy integration. D) all of the above.
D
Software risk impact assessment should focus on consequences affecting A) planning, resources, cost, schedule B) marketability, cost, personnel C) business, technology, process D) performance, support, cost, schedule
D
Which of the following is not one of three software product aspects addressed by McCall's software quality factors? A) ability to undergo change B) adaptability to new environments C) operational characteristics D) production costs and scheduling
D
Which of the following provide useful measures of software quality? A) correctness, business relevance, integrity, usability B) reliability, maintainability, integrity, sales C) correctness, maintainability, size, satisfaction D) correctness, maintainability, integrity, usability
D
A risk item checklist would contain known and predictable risks from which of these categories? A) product size B) development environment C) staff size D) process definition E) All of the above
E
Because the class is the dominant unit in OO systems, there is no call for the definition of class-oriented metrics.
False
Conformance to implicit requirements and customer expectations has no place in modern software quality assurance work.
False
Doubling the size of your software project team is guaranteed to cut project completion time in half.
False
Interface metrics are used to assess the complexity of the module's input and output relationships with external devices.
False
Outsourcing always provides a simple means of acquiring software at lower cost than onsite development of the same product.
False
Proactive risk management is sometimes described as fire fighting.
False
Project management is less important for modern software development since most projects are successful and completed on time.
False
Risk monitoring involves watching the risk indicators defined for the project and not determining the effectiveness of the risk mitigation steps themselves.
False
Since iterative process model work best for object-oriented projects it is impossible to determine whether an increment will be completed on time or not.
False
Since project estimates are not completely reliable, they can be ignored once a software development project begins.
False
Small software organizations are not likely to see any economic return from establishing software metrics program.
False
Software projects are inevitably late and there is nothing that can explain why.
False
Tasks that lie on the critical path in a task network may be completed in any order as long as the project is on schedule.
False
The ISO 9126 quality standards for computer software are useful because they lend themselves to direct measurement of software attributes.
False
The best person to hire as a project team leader is the most competent software engineering practitioner available.
False
The function point metric is an example of metric that can be used to assist with technical decision-making based on the analysis model information, without making use of historical project data.
False
The reason for refining risks is to break them into smaller units having different consequences.
False
The size estimate for a software product to be built must be based on a direct measure like LOC.
False
The terms measure, measurement, and metric all share the same definition according to the IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terms.
False
Because the class is the dominant unit in OO systems, relatively few metrics have been proposed for operations that reside within a class.
True
Earned value analysis is a technique that allows managers to take corrective action before a project crisis develops.
True
It is unethical to undertake a project that you know in advance cannot be completed by the customer's deadline, unless you inform the customer of the risk and establish a project plan that can deliver the needed system incrementally.
True
Product and process decomposition often occurs simultaneously as the project plan evolves.
True
The Goal/Question/Metric (GQM) paradigm was developed as a technique for assigning blame for software failures.
True
The number of people required for a software project is determined A) after an estimate of the development effort is made. B) by the size of the project budget. C) from an assessment of the technical complexity of the system. D) all of the above
A
The software equation can be used to show that by extending the project deadline slightly A) fewer people are required B) you are guaranteed to meet the deadline C) more lines of code can be produced D) none of the above
A
Which of following are advantages of using LOC (lines of code) as a size-oriented metric? A) LOC is easily computed. B) LOC is a language dependent measure. C) LOC is a language independent measure. D) LOC can be computed before a design is completed.
A
Which of these are valid reasons for measuring software processes, products, and resources?(Choose 3) A) to characterize them B) to evaluate them C) to price them D) to improve them
A,B,D
Problem-based estimation is based on problem decomposition which focuses on(Choose 2) A) information domain values B) project schedule C) software functions D) process activities
A,C
Two tools for computing critical path and project completion times from activity networks are(Choose 2) A) CPM B) DRE C) FP D) PERT
A,D
Risk tables are sorted by A) probability and cost B) probability and impact C) probability and consequences D) probability and exposure
B
The depth of inheritance tree (DIT) metric can give an OO software designer a reading on the A) attributes required for each class B) completion time required for system implementation C) complexity of the class hierarchy D) level of object reusability achieved
B
The purpose of earned value analysis is to A) determine how to compensate developers based on their productivity B) provide a quantitative means of assessing software project progress C) provide a qualitative means of assessing software project progress D) set the price point for a software product based on development effort
B
Which of these are reasons for using technical product measures during software development? A) large body of scientific evidence supports their use B) provides software engineers with an objective mechanism for assessing software quality C) they allow all software quality information to be expressed unambiguously as a single number
B
To be an effective aid in process improvement the baseline data used must be:(Choose 2) A) based on reasonable guestimates from past projects B) measured consistently across projects C) drawn from similar projects D) based only on successful projects
B, C
Halstead's source code metrics are based on the number of(Choose 2) A) modules in the program B) operands in the program C) operators in the program D) volume elements in the program
B,C
The major areas of problem decomposition during the project scoping activity are the(Choose 2) A) customer workflow B) functionality to be delivered C) process used to deliver functionality D) software process model
B,C
The task (activity) network is a useful mechanism for(Choose 2) A) computing the overall effort estimate B) detecting intertask dependencies C) determining the critical path D) specifying the task set to the customer
B,C
Which factors affect the probable consequences likely if a risk does occur?(Choose 2) A) risk cost B) risk timing C) risk scope D) risk resources
B,C
Which of these are critical practices for performance-based project management?(Choose 3) A) assessing product usability B) defect tracking against quality targets C) empirical cost estimation D) formal risk management
B,C,D
Software testing metrics fall into two broad categories(Choose 2) A) metrics that focus on defect removal effectiveness B) metrics that focus on test coverage C) metrics that estimate the duration of the testing process D) metrics that predict the number of test cases required
B,D
Effective software project management focuses on four P's which are A) people, performance, payoff, product B) people, product, performance, process C) people, product, process, project D) people, process, payoff, product
C
Empirical estimation models are typically based on A) expert judgement based on past project experiences B) refinement of expected value estimation C) regression models derived from historical project data D) trial and error determination of the parameters and coefficients
C
If you encounter a class with a large responsibility (large class size or CS value) you should consider A) making it a base class B) making it a subclass C) partitioning the class D) starting a new class hierarchy
C
Software feasibility is based on which of the following A) business and marketing concerns B) scope, constraints, market C) technology, finance, time, resources D) technical prowess of the developers
C
The best indicator of progress on a software project is the completion A) of a defined engineering activity task B) of a successful budget review meeting on time C) and successful review of a defined software work product D) and successful acceptance of project prototype by the customer
C
The objective of software project planing is to A) convince the customer that a project is feasible. B) make use of historical project data. C) enable a manager to make reasonable estimates of cost and schedule. D) determine the probable profit margin prior to bidding on a project.
C
The specification metrics proposed by Davis address which two characteristics of the software requirements? A) functionality and performance B) performance and completeness C) specificity and completeness D) specificity and functionality
C
Why is it important to measure the process of software engineering and software it produces? A) It is really not necessary unless the project is extremely complex. B) To determine costs and allow a profit margin to be set. C) To determine whether a software group is improving or not. D) To make software engineering more like other engineering processes.
C
How does a software project manager need to act to minimize the risk of software failure?(Choose 2) A) double the project team size B) request a large budget C) start on the right foot D) track progress
C,D
Public metrics are used(Choose 2) A) to evaluate the performance of software development teams. B) to appraise the performance of individual team members. C) to make strategic changes to the software process. D) to make tactical changes during a software project
C,D
The software engineering environment (SEE) consists of which of the following?(Choose 2) A) customers B) developers C) hardware platforms D) software tools
C,D
Which of the following are advantages of using function points (FP) as a measure of the functionality delivered by a software application?(Choose 2) A) FP is easily computed. B) FP is a language dependent measure. C) FP is a language independent measure. D) FP can be computed before a design is completed.
C,D