Identity Development in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

What does Erikson mean by "identity crisis"? Do current theorists agree with Erikson that the process of identity development is a "crisis"?

1) A temporary period of distress as they experiment with alternatives before settling on values and goals. 2) Current theorists agree with Erickson but no longer describes this process as a "crisis".

Describe the characteristics of individuals who have achieved a sense of intimacy versus those affected by isolation.

1) Cooperative 2) Tolerant 3) Accepting of differences and values

What influence do family and friends have on adolescent identity development?

1) Family: The way they operate together as a social group can influence the development of one's self-esteem, socialization, and cultural identity. 2) Friends: Helps with acceptance in different values.

What are the 4 identity statues (describe each)?

1) Identity Achievement 2) Identity Moratorium 3) Identity Foreclosure 4) Identity Diffusion

Describe one emotional difficulty that is sometimes experience in adolescence. What factors are related to the difficulty and are their steps to treat or prevent the problem.

Stressful events, experience negative effects, puts them at a risk for health problems as well as an early death.

Explain how adolescents construct and identity.

Adolescents construct their identity by defining who they are, thinking about their values, and directions to choose to pursue in life.

What is the social clock, and how does it influence adult development?

Age expectation for when major life events should occur. Such as: beginning a first job, getting married, or buying a home.

Identity Diffusion

Apathetic state characterized by lack of bot exploration and commitment.

How does being "on" or "off" time impact self-esteem and confidence?

Being "on" the clock can guarantee that young people will develop skills, and engage in productive work and gain an understanding of self/others. Being "off" the clock can cause someone to become stressed or anxious and affect their self-esteem.

Identity Foreclosure

Commitment in the absence of exploration

`Identity Achievement

Commitment to values, beliefs, and goals followed by a time of exploration.

James Marcia expanded Erikson's theory. What were the 2 criteria he looked at?

Exploration and Commitment

Identity Moratorium

Exploration with out having reached commitment.

How does a secure identity foster attainment of intimacy?

Not many people are willing to re-define their identity to include their partner's interests and values.

What is meant by "emerging adulthood"?

When one has left adolescence is although still a considerable distance from taking on adult responsibility.