image analysis test 3 assignment #2
For a tangential knee projection ( Meerchant method). 1. an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is aligned parallel with the imaging table. 2. the medial condyles demonstrate more height than the lateral condyles. 3. the femorotibial joints are open. 4. the patient is instructed to relax the leg muscles. a. 1 and 4 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only 4. 1, 2, 3, and 4
a. 1 and 4 only
An internally rotated AP oblique knee projection demonstrates the tibia partially superimposed over the fibular head. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain and optimal projection? a. increase the degree of internal rotation. b. decrease the degree of internal rotation. c. adjust the CR angulation 5 degrees caudally. d. fully extend the knee.
a. increase the degree of internal rotation.
For an AP projection of the knee w/ accurate positioning, 1.an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is aligned parallel w/ the IR. 2.the intercondylar eminence is centered within the intercondylar fossa. 3.the fibular head is demonstrated about 0.5 inch(1.25 cm) dista; to the tibial plateau. 4.the femoral condyles are symmetrical. a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1, 2, and 4 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
An AP knee projection obtained with the knee internally rotated demonstrates: 1. a larger appearing medial femoral condyle than lateral condyle. 2. a larger appearing lateral femoral condyle than medial condyle. 3. the fibular head with increased tibial superimposition. 4. the fibular head with decreased tibial superimposition. a. 1 and 3 only b. 1 and 4 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 2 and 4 only
d. 2 and 4 only
For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection with accurate positioning, the: 1. fibular head is demonstrated free of tibial superimposition. 2. lateral femoral condyle is demonstrated in profile. 3. fibular head, neck, and shaft are superimposed by the tibia. 4. medial condyle is shown is profile. a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 4 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 3 and 4 only
d. 3 and 4 only
An optimal lateral knee projection demonstrates: a. contrast and density to visualize the posterior pericapsular fat pads. b. the tibia without fibular head superimposition. c. 45 degrees of knee flexion. d. superimposed femoral condyles.
d. superimposed femoral condyles
An AP knee projection on a patient with an ASIS to tabletop measurement of 17 cm was obtained usung a perpendicular CR. The resulting image will demonstrate: a. an open knee joint. b. a foreshortened fibular head. c. the fibular head less than 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) from the tibial plateau. d. the anterior tibial margin proximal to the posterior tibial margin.
d. the anterior tibial margin proximal to the posterior tibial margin.
Which of the following statements is true about an optimal tangential knee projection (merchant method)? A. a patellar subluxation is demonstrated as long as the patellae are positioned directly above the itercondylar sulcus. B. The lateral femoral. Condyles demonstrates more height than the medial femoral condyle. C. To demonstrate a patellar subluxation, the quadriceps femoris must be tightly contracted. D. The CR and axial view angulation when added , should equal 100 degrees.
B. The lateral femoral. Condyles demonstrates more height than the medial femoral condyle.
A less than optimal tangential knee projecction (Merchant method) demonstrating the tibial tuberosities within the patellofemoral joint spaces: A. Was obtained because the posterior knee curve was positioned too far below the bend of the axial viewer. B. Was obtained because the knee was bent more then 45 degrees. C. Will result when the patient has large calves and the axial viewer's angle is not decreased. D. Will also demonstrate soft tissue from the patient's anterior thighs projected onto the patellae and patellofemoral joint spaces.
C. Will result when the patient has large calves and the axial viewer's angle is not decreased.
If the pt is unable to extend the knee fully, an open femorotibial joint is accomplished by aligning the CR perpendicular to the anterior surface of the lower leg and, a. then decreasing the angle 3 to 5 degree and centering to the femorotibial joint. b. then increasing the angle 3 to 5 degrees and centering to the femorotibial joint. c. then centering to the femorotibial joint
a. then decreasing the angle 3 to 5 degree and centering to the femorotibial joint.
For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection, the: 1. leg is externally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR. 2. leg is internally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR. 3. CR is aligned parallel with the tibia plateau. 4. CR is centered at a level 0.75 inch (2 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles. a. 1 and 4 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 3, and 4 only
b. 1 and 3 only
The placement of the patella in relationship to the femorotibial joint space on an AP knee projection is affected by: 1. patellar subluxation. 2. knee rotation. 3. knee flexion. 4. foot inversion. a. 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 1, 2, and 3 only d.1, 2, 3, and 4
b. 1 and 3 only
An AP knee projection obtained with the CR angled too cephalically demonstrates: 1. symmetrical femoral condyles. 2. a foreshortened fibular head. 3. the fibular head at a position less than 0.5 inch (1 cm) distal to the tibial plateau. 4. a narrowed or closed femorotibial joint space. a. 1, 3, and 4 only b. 1, 2, and 4 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
An accurately positioned AP knee projection demonstrates all the following EXCEPT the: a. medial and lateral femoral epicondyles in profile. b. fibular head 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the tibial plateau. c. superimposed tibial condylar margins. d. the intercondylar eminence in the center of the intercondylar fossa.
b. fibular head 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the tibial plateau.
A poorly positioned AP knee projection demonstrating a larger lateral femoral condyle than medial condyle: a. was obtained with the patient's leg externally rotated. b. may also demonstrate the fibular head without tibial superimposition. c. will also demonstrate a closed knee joint. d. will also demonstrate the fibular head 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the tibial plateau.
b. may also demonstrate the fibular head without tibial superimposition.
A less tahn optimal lateral knee projection that demonstrates the medial femeral condyle anterior to the lateral femeral condyle will also demonstrate: a. the fibula superimposed by the tibia. b. the abductor tubercle on the anterior femoral condyle. c. an open patellofemoral joint. d. an unobscured suprapetallar fat pad.
b. the abductor tubercle on the anterior femoral condyle.
A 5- to 7-degree CR angulation is used for a lateral knee projection: 1. to project the medial condyle anterosuperiorly. 2. on a patient with a narrow pelvis and long femora. 3. to offset the reduction in medial inclination that occurs when the patient is in a lateral recumbent position. 4. to achieve an open femorotibial joint space. a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1, 3, and 4 only d. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
A lateral knee projection with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. superimposed femoral condyles. 2. the fibular head without tibial superimposition. 3. an open femorotibial joint space. 4. one fourth of the distal femur and proximal lower leg. a. 1 and 3 only b. 2 and 4 only c. 1, 3, and 4 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
A lateral knee projection demonstrates the medial condyle anterior and proximal to the lateral femoral condyle. How are the positioning setup mispositioned for such an image to be obtained? 1. the CR was angled too caudally. 2. the CR was angled too cephalically. 3. the patient's patella was positioned too close to the IR. 4. the patient's patella was positioned too far away from the IR. a. 1 and 3 oly b. 1 and 4 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 2 and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
A lateral knee projection obtained wit the patella positioned too close to the IR (leg externally rotated) will demonstrate the: 1. fibula with increased tibial superimposition. 2. fibula with decreased tibial superimposition. 3. medial femoral condyle anterior to the lateral femeral condyle. 4. medial condyle distal to the lateral femoral condyle. a. 1 and 3 only b. 1 and 4 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 2 and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
A cephalic CR angulation is required on an AP knee projection when the, 1. examination is performed w/ the pt in an upright position. 2. patient's anterior tibial margin is demonstrated distal to the posterior tibial margin on the resulting image. 3. the patient's ASIS to imaging table measurement is 22 cm. 4. the knee is flexed and a curved IR is used. a. 2 and 3 only b. 4 only c. 2 and 4 only d. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2 and 4 only
If the medial femoral condyle is situated anterior to the lateral femoral condyle on a lateral knee projection with poor positioning, which of the following is true? 1. the fibular head demonstrates increased tibia superimposition. 2. the adductor tubercle will be located on the anterior condyle. 3. the distal surface of the anterior condyle will appear flatter. 4. the fibular ead will demonstrate a decrease in tibial superimposition. a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 2 and 4 only d. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 2 and 4 only
For a lateral knee projection, 1. an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is aligned parallel with the IR. 2. a patient with long femora and a narrow pelvis does not require an angled CR. 3. a grid is used if the knee measures over 10 cm. 4. the CR is centered 1 inch 92.5 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles. a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 4 only c. 2, 3, and 4 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
A cross-table lateromedial knee projection demonstrates the medial femoral condyle distal to the lateral femoral condyle. To obtain an optimal projection, a. rotate the x-ray tube column to align the CR more cephalically. b. adjust the CR angulation posteriorly. c. adduct the patient's leg. d. internally rotate the patient's leg.
c. adduct the patient's leg.
An externally rotated AP oblique knee projection that was taken with the knee rotated more then 45 degrees will demonstrate the; a. fibular head aligned with the anterior edge of the tibia. b. fibula without tibial superimposition. c. fibula located in the center of the tibia. d. lateral condyle in profile.
c. fibula located in the center of the tibia.
The tangential knee projection ( Merchant method) can be described as a(n)______ projection. a. inferosuperior b. mediolateral c. superoinferior d. AP
c. superoinferior