India, China, and Africa after WW2

The Long March

(1934-1935) during which Mao Zedong led the Communists away from KMT troops to safety in the North where they could consolidate their power for later offenses.

South Africa Independence

After Independence white europeans still controlled the government in South Africa, they established the racist system known as apartheid.

Decolonization in India

After ww2 India gained independence (self govern) from Great Britain.

Deng Xiaopeng four modernizations

Agriculture, Industry, Military, and Science/Technology.

Caste System

Although India's constitution prevents discrimination against the lowest social classes, there continues to be discrimination in rural areas since tradition remains strong there. Discrimination against the lowest class is especially severe.

Kashmir

An area that is near India and Pakistan in which both nations claim to control.

Decolonization in Africa

Between 1945 and 1980 the many nations of Africa finally gained independence from the European nations that controlled them.

Nelson Mandela

Black south african Nationalist leader, who fought against apartheid, he was imprisoned for 27 years by the white south african government, nelson mandela became the first black president of south africa after apartheid officially came to an end in 1990. He was also a part of the African national congress.

Why did British Rule of India end in 1947?

British Rule in India ended in 1947 because of the many independence movements that they could barely handle, led by various leaders each time over thousand people would join the non-violent protests. Their also were Indian groups that were armed which were threats to the British government because they opposed them greatly. Last but not least, The British turned India's economy into a very successful one, but gradually over time their was a very low abundance rate of the needed resources and it slowed down the success of the economy and it was bad for the markets.

Current Issues in China

China controls the Buddhist region of Tibet. The people of Tibet want independence. China denies its people human rights, such as freedom of speech and the right to vote. In order to prevent overpopulation the government of China only allows each family to have once child.

Chinese Civil War

Civil War between the CCP (communists) and the KMT (nationalists). Communists ended up winning the war.

Note 2

Despite the creation of two separate regions, there is still ethnic tension between Hindu's and muslims in the region. The situation is dangerous because both India and Pakistan have nuclear weapons.

Rwanda after Independence

During the 1990's there were serious ethnic conflicts between two groups in the African nations of Rwanda- Hutus and Tutsis.

Mao Zedong

First communism dictator of China, totalitarian ruler. executions and labor camps for opponents,

Kwame Nikrumah

Gained Independence for Ghana.

Deng Xiaoping

He was the ruler in china after mao, He changed the economy of China from a command/communist economy to a market/capitalistic/free/enterprise economy in which individuals own buisness. this is the system largely used in china today. He did little to change the political status of China. unwilling to accept political reform.

Pan- Africanism

Idea that encouraged solidarity- unity or agreement of feeling or action, of Africans worldwide. Vital to economic, social, and political progress, African peoples both on the continent and in the Diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny. - Idealogy/movement

Communism in China

In 1949 after 22 years of civil war within china, china became the second country in the world after the soviet union to adopt communism.

Note

In order to prevent conflict (war) between hindu's and muslims the region that was controlled by Great Britain was divided into two separate countries.

India after Independence

India established a democratic government, India followed a policy of non alignment, or neutrality during the cold war, which means that it did not take sides, it remained neutral. Caste System developed

Nationalist leaders in Africa

Jomo Kanyatte and Kwame Nikrumah were the two leaders whose efforts contributed largely to africa gaining there independence, by leading movements to fight against England.

The Nationalist leaders of Decolonization

Kenyatta, Nikrumah, and Mandela- Africa Gandhi- India Ho Chi Minh- Vietnam - they were all loyal and devoted to there people and there nation.

Cheng Kai Shek

Leader of the nationalists during the war.

why did Mao Zedong and the Communists win the Chinese Civil War?

Mao Zedong and the Communists won the Civil War because they had good leadership and knew how to attract peasants. As the war continued they got better weapons. The gained a ton of support from outsides countries, like for instance the Soviet Union. In the beginning the CCP was very weak but progressively through the war they became stronger.

India

Nation created for the Hindu's of the region..

Pakistan

Nation created for the Muslims of the region.

Gandhi

Nationalist leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world

Cultural Revolution

Remove all capitalistic elements and old chinese cultures and traditions. This was a period in China where Mao used violent young communist soldiers (known as red guards) to eliminate all of the enemies that he had within China. It was also meant to restore his image and make himself look like a good leader again after what happened during the great leap forward. caused social destruction and violence.

Tianamen sqaure protests/massacres 1989

Series of protests where the chinese peacefully demanded democratic reforms (changes) they wanted more rights and a say in goverment. Deng called in the army to end the protests, killing and or arresting them. This proved that Chinese government was not willing to make democratic changes.

Kuomintang

The Chinese nationalist party that sun- yat sen created.

1994

The Hutus slaughtered 800,000 Tutsis in only a few months. This was an example of a genocide (attempt to exterminate a group of people) and it was a major human rights violation.

What was the goal of the Indian National Congress in the early 1900s?

The goal of the Indian National Congress was to suggest changes in the British Government.

note 4

This program was very similar to the five years plan and collectivization, that took place in the soviet union under joseph stalin.

Note 5

both mao and stalin had a command or communist economy, in which the government owned businesses and farms and made all economic decisions.

Jawaharlal Nehru

first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence.

Jomo Kanyatte

gained independence for Kenya.

note 3

he gained the support from peasants because he promised to provide them with there own land once the communists were brought to power.

Decolonization

period after world war 2 in which the nations of Africa and Asia finally gained independence (self-govern) from the European (Western Nations) that controlled them.

Apartheid

system of racial segregation that was used in South Africa from 1980 to 1990. Black south africans were required to use separate bathrooms, attend separate schools, carry identification passbooks, and even go to separate beaches.

Great Leap Forward

wanted to speed up economic development, formed communes, and set production goals. this was an attempt by Mao to modernize (update) the Industrial (factory) and agricultural (farm) production of china. Peasants in China were forced to move onto large government farms. This was a failure, weakened china greatly, killed a ton of people due to a large famine.

Sun- Yat Sen

was a Chinese nationlist leader, physician, writer, philosopher, calligrapher and revolutionary, the first president and founding father of the Republic of China.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's creation on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death