India Independence

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

-leader of the all Muslim league from 1913 until Pakistan's independence -led Pakistan's independence from India

The significance of the Salt March

- a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India -triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement.

The significance of the Amritsar Massacre

-British troops massacred hundreds of Indian demonstrators in the holy Indian city of Amritsar. -Gandhi and his followers asked for fair treatment of Indian citizens by the British. However, this event stirred nationalist feelings in India and led Ghandi to push for complete Indian independence.

The reason for Gandhi's assassination

-Gandhiji supported the idea of a separate State for Muslims -Gandhiji fasted to compel the government of India to release an amount of Rs. 55 crores due to Pakistan

The conflict in Kashmir

-Leader = Hindu, People = Muslim, so leader remained neutral -both India and Pakistan are fighting/claim the land of Kashmir -territorial conflict between India and Pakistan which started just after partition of India

Satyagraha

-a policy of passive political resistance -advocated by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India

Significance of Gandhi's forms of protest

-broke laws that he thought were unfair -NON-VIOLENCE resistance -launched a noncooperation campaign against Britain, urging Indians to spin their own cotton and to boycott British goods, courts, and government

Results of partition

-citizens had to find new jobs, homes, schools -creation of India and Pakistan -seperation of Hindus and Muslims

Why didn't Gandhi celebrate Indian independence?

-confident that the new leaders could control India -didn't support the seperation of Muslims and Hindus

Caste

-degrees of a social status in Hindu society -gives people their place in society -the lower the caste, the more poorly they are treated

Mohandas Gandhi

-father of the Indian independence movement against British imperialists -helped India gain Independence through non violent protest -wanted independence, to get rid of untouchability, and for Muslim and Hindus to cooperate -influenced not only his country, but the world

The goals of the Indian National Congress

-immediate independence for india and pakistan -a share in governing process of india -a revolution that was embraced by both hindus and muslims -a new constitution and the violent overthrow of british rule

Jawaharlal Nehru

-once India finally gained its independence, he became the nation's first prime minister -made many contributions to build a happy and better nation -one by one he tried to sort out all the social and political issues in the country

Rowlatt Acts

-passed by the British government to give themselves greater power over the people of India -allowed the British to arrest and jail anyone they wish without trial if they are thought to be plotting against the British -sparked a large amount of anger with the leaders and common people of India

The goals of the Muslim League

-political Organization of and Pakistan -driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state

Reason for partition

-religious issues -congress leaders

Why did Gandhi fast?

-to force Muslims and Hindus to get along -to stop the violence -if the poeple didnt cooperate, he wouldn't eat and die -it was very effective because Gandhi and his words were very valuable

Raj

British sovereignty in India

Dalits

a member of the lowest caste, sometimes called untouchables

Civil Disobedience

active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government

Sedition

conduct or speech commanding people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch

Injustice

lack of fairness or justice