Industrial Revolution Definition Terms

Urbanization

Urbanization. One of the defining and most lasting features of the Industrial Revolution was the rise of cities. In pre-industrial society, over 80% of people lived in rural areas. As migrants moved from the countryside, small towns became large cities.

Radioactivity

the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.

Mass culture

the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.

Psychology

the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.

Entrepreneur

A person who organize, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

Middle class

A social class of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers

Strike

A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when mass labor became important in factories and mines. ... Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies.

Assembly line

An assembly line is a manufacturing process (most of the time called a progressive assembly) in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semi-finished assemblymoves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced.

Laissez Faire

Hands off;" Economic theory that argues that governments should not interfere w/business affairs

Enclosure

In the early 1700s, there was an "enclosure movement" that was a cause of the industrial revolution in England. The enclosure movement was this: wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land

Union

Industrial unionism is a labour unionorganizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union—regardless of skill or trade—thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations.

Industrialization

Industrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production, and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines.

Adam smith

Philosopher who defended laissez faire economics

Factory

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done in people's homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production.

Stock

Right of ownership in a company called a corporation

Crop rotation

The Agricultural Revolution. Agricultural changes in England, such as large landowners dramatically improving farming methods, amounted to this. ... Small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to the cities. The Seed Drill, Crop Rotation, and Selective Breeding all became parts of agriculture.

Factors of production

The four factors of production: land, labor, resources, and entrepreneurship were all important to the success of the Industrial Revolution. The overwhelming demand for workers led to large scale urbanization as people moved to the city for jobs. Unskilled workers made the factories go and the banks fill.

Theory of evolution

The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.

Communism

Communism during the Industrial Revolution Communism is the political theory or system in which all property and wealth is owned in a classless society by all the members of that society.

Capitalism

Economic system in which people invest money to make a profit

Karl Marx

Economic thinker who wrote about a radical form of socialism.. Marxism. Wrote The Communist Manifesto describing communism

Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, FRS FRGS FLS FZS was an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Utilitarianism

Belief that an idea is only as good as it is useful

Socialism

Belief that businesses should be owned by society as a whole

Corporation

Business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not responsible for its debts

Industrial Revolution

The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery. It was characterized by the use of steam power, the growth of factories, and the mass production of manufactured goods.