Industrial Revolution Test

Since the industria revolution was really a big change in the economics of the country and not , why is it called a "revolution?"

Because it also transformed the social and political ways of the country. Industrialization changed the structure of people's day-to-day lives. Moreover, industrialization led to the rise of big government.

What was one major change brought by industrialization?

It increased the amount of goods produced and greatly raised worker productivity, or the amount of goods each worker, on average, produced.

Write a one-sentence summary of how the textile industry in Great Britain changed throughout the 1700s.

Making cloth was a slow process before the 1700s. But in mid-1700 English inventors created machines to speed up the cloth-making process. First the flying shuttle was create to automate the weaving process. Then the spinning jenny and water frame were invented to speed up the process of making thread. Because these machines were too large and expensive for ordinary workers to use in their own home textile makers created factories. Now workers would come to the factories to make fabric.

How was France's industrialization similar to Englands? How was it different?

The Napoleonic wars had caused a major upheaval in France, as well as England. However, the industrialization happened at a much slower rate.

Which was the first industry to be revolutionized?

The textile industry. First a machine to speed up weaving was invented then a machine to speed up the making of thread. Both were long processes before. So fabrics and clothes could be made much faster.

List one way you think government should have regulated big business in the 1800s.

They should have made monopolies illegal...

What is on example of how a good labor supply helped England industrialize/

Britain had plenty of people available for work. British farmers produced so much food that many of its people were freed to do different kinds of work. Many of those people went to work in industry.

What is on example of how having a wide solid banking system helped England industrialize/

Britain's banks provided loans to entrepreneurs to finance large projects, such as factories, railroads, and coal mines.

Which country led the Industrial Revolution?

Great Britain (England)

How was Japan's industrialization similar to Englands? How was it different?

...

How did new machines change society during the industrial revolution?

...

How did new methods of production change society during the industrial revolution?

...

How was Germany's industrialization similar to Englands? How was it different?

...

How did the factory worker feel about industrialization?

He was not happy at all. The working conditions were horrible, since commonly men and children have to work for long hours a day with little pay. The healthy conditions of the factories were low, and the chances of children dying was high since they were needed to fit through the machines to operate and turn it off. If the child fainted/fell asleep in the machine..lets just say it's not a pretty picture, but it was what happened. Both men and children sometimes went on strike and protests.

How did the factory owner feel about industrialization?

He would be a happy man, because he could benefit off of it and Many jobs could be done by unskilled workers for lower wages.

How did the Industrial Revolution transform the economies of the world?

The Industrial Revolution transformed economies by mechanizing manufacturing and agriculture and shifting from the domestic system of producing goods to the factory system. The need for a means of financing industrialization led to the rise of industrial capitalism.

Explain why Adam Smith would support a laissez-faire economic policy.

Smith believed that people produced goods because the wanted a profit, not because they were just good guys who wanted to share - that was the core of a market economy that lead to higher wages over time and innovation. Smith believed that Government, should not interfere in this process because Government-made artificial rules and taxes would hurt the market cycle.

How did the buyers feel about industrialization?

Some were happy, some were not. There was a dividing line between those who thought Industrialization was good and those who thought it was bad.

Give an example of how things were done in the domestic system

The production of wool cloth usually followed a certain process. A textile merchant, based in a town, bought wool from a sheep farmer. He delivered this raw material, along with instructions about what he needed, to a household in the countryside. Family members carded the wool, spun it, and wove it into cloth on a hand loom. The merchant paid them for their work and took the cloth to another workshop, where skilled workers dyed the cloth and otherwise completed the processing. The merchant then retrieved the finished fabric, which was ready for market.

Why is a good transportation system critical to industrialization?

Without good roads, rivers and other routes for carrying goods back and forth the selling of products is slow. Good transportation allows things to move quickly and makers to sell more.

What was the laissez-faire approach to industrialization?

laissez-faire (les-ay FAIR) was a French term that loosely translates as "leave it alone." Western industrialists (factory owners) did not want the government interfering with their business or the economy. BEcause they had so much money, it gave them political power. As a result, the government largely left them and the economy and factory owners or industrialists alone

What was the role of banking in the industrial revolution?

The banking system played a key role in industrialization. Through loans to industrialists and manufacturers, private banks directed customers' savings into projects such as the building of railroads and factories and the mining of coal. They encouraged people to invest in the buildings, machines, tools, and equipment used to manufacture goods. Also, governments set up national banks to improve domestic and international trade. Together, private and national banks provided financial backing that stimulated the growth of industry.

How was Belgium's industrialization similar to Englands? How was it different?

The small nation at the northeastern corner of France was rich in the coal necessary for industrialization. Also, Belgium and Britain were separated by only the narrow band of the English.

Summarize two causes and two effects of urbanization.

1 cause/effect of urbanization was that more and more unregulated factories had devastating environmental impact: smoke belching from factories polluted the air. Chemicals and other industrial wastes fouled rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. So did raw sewage from rapidly expanding towns and cities. 2 cause/effect of urbanization was that people in search of work overcrowded the cities causing living conditions in urban areas to be horrid. Filthy, overcrowded apartment houses encouraged the spread of communicable diseases such as cholera, smallpox, and typhoid fever.

Name three themes of the Industrial Revolution

1) Economic Structures As a result of the Industrial Revolution, economies shifted from a focus on agriculture and manual labor to a focus on industry and mechanization. 2) Social Structures The pool of low-paid industrial laborers formed the core of a new social group, the working class. 3) Human-Environment Interaction Industrialization drew migrants from rural areas and from distant lands to cities and newly urbanized factory towns.

List five ways the factory system changed life for industrial workers, women, and children. Put an asterisk by the one you think is the most important.

1) Family members who used to work together at home where split during the day as members went to factories to work 2) Manufacturing moved from the countryside into towns causing crowding and poor living conditions. 4) There was no singing at work as their might be at home 5) Factory owners and workers no longer had a personal relationship (like family members did with the people who bought their goods) 6) A new lower class of people -- the working class-- was created. 7) Women and children were paid a lower wage rather than families earning equally by working together 9) But also many women were put out of work when factories came in and so they had to get work as servants 10) Eventually children were prohibited from working 11) Because workers went to where factories were built in the countryside, new towns popped up to house workers

What factors led to England to industrialize?

1. Political Stability Britain had a stable government that supported individual political freedom, property rights, and equality of opportunity. These traits encouraged entrepreneurs to take risks in pursuit of profit. 2. Labor Britain had plenty of people available for work. British farmers produced so much food that many of its people were freed to do different kinds of work. Many of those people went to work in industry. 3. Raw Materials Britain had plentiful supplies of the raw materials needed in industry, such as coal for fuel or wool for textiles. 4. Banking System Britain's banks provided loans to entrepreneurs to finance large projects, such as factories, railroads, and coal mines. 5. Transportation System Britain had a network of navigable rivers and seaside ports. It built a nationwide system of canals. Later, it developed a railroad network, making the transportation of goods and raw materials cheaper and faster than ever before.

Summarize two causes and two effects of labor unions

A labor union, also known as a trade union, is an organization formed by workers to negotiate with employers to resolve work-related issues. 1 cause/ effect of Labor Unions is that many fought to increase pay for workers by encouraging strikes, which shut down factories and forced owners to pay workers more to reopen 2 cause/effect of Labor unions faught to reduce the legal length of a work day to save workers from 12 or 16 hours days. They helped make the 10-hour workday and 6-day workweek became the standard

What is a strike and why did workers hold them?

A strike is an agreement among workers to stop working until the employer meets their demands. Strikes could turn violent, with workers battling police or private guards hired by companies to try to break the strike to force employees back to work.

What is on example of how having a wide transportation system helped England industrialize/

Britain had a network of navigable rivers and seaside ports. It built a nationwide system of canals. Later, it developed a railroad network, making the transportation of goods and raw materials cheaper and faster than ever before.

What is on example of how political stability helped England industrialize/

Britain had a stable government that supported individual political freedom, property rights, and equality of opportunity. These traits encouraged entrepreneurs to take risks in pursuit of profit.

Describe the resources and transportation system in Great Britain.

Britain had many rivers and seaports used for transporting good. By the 1770s it had built a system of well-maintained roads and it also created a nationwide network of water canals too move goods. Then the development of the steam locomotive led to 7000 miles of train tracks that crisscrossed the country. Railroads carried heavy loads of food and freight quickly and reliably, helping create a national market for goods

What is on example of how having lots of natural resources and raw materials helped England industrialize/

Britain had plentiful supplies of the raw materials needed in industry, such as coal for fuel or wool for textiles.

Compare the domestic system to the factory system. How were these systems different?

DOMESTIC: 1) In the domestic system, cottage workers produced goods in home workshops. 2) They made goods not for local use but for national and international markets. 3) Typical cottage workers lived in the countryside, farmed for most of the year, and in the off-season made cloth. 4) They provided the cheap labor needed at the time to meet the demands of a competitive textiles market. FACTORY: 1) workers left cottages to work together in a single factory. 2) In a factory, merchant-entrepreneurs could supervise their workers. 3) New technology and new sources of energy, created a revolutionary shift from muscle power to machine power. 4) Factory owners developed new ways of organizing work. 5) In the factory system, unskilled or semi-skilled workers specialized in just one of the tasks needed to make a product. Each worker did only that task, all day long, and they learned to do it rapidly. 6) The factory and the shift to simplification one person doing one skill lead to easier mass production. 7) Factories developed the use of interchangeable parts. Factory workers could sit at their station with a pile of standardized parts in front of them and know that the parts were all the same and that any one of them would fit properly. The desire to speed up the manufacturing process even more led to the use of the moving assembly line. An assembly line carried a product on a conveyer belt or track from one station to the next. Workers added one new part at each station. Starting in 1913, Henry Ford of the United States built his Model-T automobile using an assembly line. He was the first to apply assembly-line principles to large-scale manufacturing. The practice soon spread to other industries. 8) Factories and mass production lowered the cost to produce many goods. 9) Lower costs meant lower prices for consumers and an increase in demand for goods.

How did the enclosure movement change society?

During the 1500s and up into the 1800s landowners took back the rights to their land and were forced by law to enclosed their land with hedges or fences to mark its boundaries. This was called the enclosure movement. The enclosure movement had several important consequences. Many peasants were left with no land to cultivate. The same was true for many small landholders—farmers owning smaller amounts of land. Because of economic downturns or the expense of fencing in their land, they sold their plots to wealthier landowners. On their estates, many large landowners established commercial farms making them richer and peasants poorer.

How did industrialization chance agriculture and lead to the Agricultural Revolution?

During the 1800s a variety of machines were developed to help farmers plant, harvest, and process crops. Through mechanization, farmers could expand their production while cutting back on the amount of labor needed to produce food. Besides using new machinery, farmers used new agricultural methods. They improved the soil with chemical fertilizers and cover crops. Cover crops, such as clover, add nutrients to the soil when plowed under. Farmers also worked to control pests, increase irrigation, and breed superior livestock. The agricultural revolution helped expand the population by making more healthful food available, and it helped farmers produce enough food to feed the growing population. The agricultural revolution coincided with a changing perspective on land rights. Traditionally, peasants had raised crops and grazed animals on so-called common lands. But technically, the land was private property. Peasants who farmed the land paid dues to the landowner. But over time more and more landowners in many countries revoked the traditional peasant right to farm on common land and enclosed their land with fences or hedges. The enclosure movement left many peasants landless, and they became an available workforce for early factories.

Give an example of how things were done in a factory system

Eventually factories evolved to assembly line production. An assembly line carried a product on a conveyer belt or track from one station to the next. Workers added one new part at each station. Starting in 1913, Henry Ford of the United States built his Model-T automobile using an assembly line. He was the first to apply assembly-line principles to large-scale manufacturing. The practice soon spread to other industries.

How was the US industrialization similar to Englands? How was it different?

Financial Innovations provided a healthy future for both the US and England, encouraging people to take risks with investments, trade, etc.

How did the Industrial Revolution transform the social structures of the world?

In cottage industry family members worked together to produce goods at their own pace. Factory work called for much more discipline. It also distanced employers from employees, whose unskilled labor and low wages marked them as members of the working class. In the West, women and children were steadily pushed out of factory work.

What was another phenomena led by industrialization?

Nations that industrialized often used their newfound wealth to strengthen their military. In the late 1800s, some of those nations exercised their power by establishing colonies in foreign lands. On that basis, they formed or expanded empires.

How did the Industrial Revolution transform the interactions between humans and the environment?

New technology, such as the steam engine, made the factory system practical. Factory work attracted migrants from rural areas and from other countries. As a result, the urban population increased greatly, as did air and water pollution and deadly diseases, which spread quickly through overcrowded apartment houses.

What was the role of big business in the industrial revolution?

Their wealth allowed them to buy up smaller competitors, merge with them, or drive them out of business. By the late 1800s, big business dominated industrial economies. In the United States, several firms and the industrialists who ran them gained enormous wealth and power. Powerful companies ruled national economies.