Infancy and Childhood (Module 14)

In the United States, about _____ percent of all babies are walking by age 11 months, 50 percent are walking within a week after their first birthday, and about 90 percent are walking by age 15 months.

25

In the United States, about ______ percent of all babies are walking by age 11 months, ______ percent are walking within a week after their first birthday, and about ______ percent are walking by age 15 months.

25; 50; 90

In round figures, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is just over 1 in _____ children.

70

In one study described in the textbook, infants with difficult temperaments were randomly assigned to either a condition in which their mothers received sensitivity training or a condition in which their mothers received no training. In this study, infants whose mothers received sensitivity training were in the _____ group. A. experimental B. dependent C. Control D. observational

A. experimental

"Demanding, but responsive" is one way to summarize Baumrind's _____ parenting style.

Authoritative

Samantha and Gebriel take their son to Sea World. When they asked him two years later if he remembered going he answered no. Their son was probably what age at the time of the trip? A. 5.5 years old B. 2.5 years old

B. 2.5 years old

Yun Hee lives in New York and is concerned about her daughter, who will be 1 year old next week. Her baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee's family is starting to comment on this. Should she be worried? A.No, she should not worry. Although 75 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday, there is no cause for alarm. B.No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday. C. No, she should not worry. Only 25 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday. D. Yes, she should worry. Babies who are not walking by their first birthday are developmentally delayed.

B. No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday.

Julia was born in France. For the first 3 years of her life, she spoke both French and English. Then she moved to the United States. From age 3 on, she only spoke English. Now, as a high school student, Julia will study French. It is MOST likely that she will: A. remember all the French she learned as a baby. B. have less difficulty with the French accent. C. have an easy time learning French. D.speak English with a French accent.

B. have less difficulty with the French accent.

Autism is NOT related to: A. prenatal stress hormones. B. vaccinations C. maternal use of psychiatric drugs during pregnancy. D maternal infection during pregnancy.

B. vaccinations

Ten-year-old Janelle is sad. She is crying. Her older brother looks at her and then continues watching television. He may be showing signs of: A. egocentrism B. stranger anxiety C. learning disability D. impaired theory of mind

D. impaired theory of mind.

Thinking about abstract concepts, such as "freedom"

Formal operational

Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in which lobe?

Frontal (makes plans)

Lanae is 3 years old and her favorite book is Are You My Mother?, a short story about a baby bird who hatches while his mother is away. The baby bird then leaves the nest in search of his mother. The baby bird follows the first thing he sees. When he is told that it is not his mother, he then begins to follow the second thing he sees, and so forth. _____ is an attachment concept that is an aspect of this story.

Imprinting

Psychologists often mention B. F. Skinner when asked to name the most influential psychologist of the twentieth century. Based on a survey of British psychologists, _____ is another worthy contender for the title.

Jean Piaget

The importance of schemas was MOST clearly highlighted by:

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory.

The biological growth process ______ explains why most children begin walking by 12 to 15 months.

Maturation

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between development and maturation?

Maturation is one type of development.

Enjoying imaginary play (such as dress up)

Preoperational stage

Piaget used the word _____ to refer to a mental framework that organizes and interprets information.

Schema

According to Piaget object permanence is a milestone for which stage?

Sensorimotor stage

Piaget's Theory Stages (in order)

Sensorimotor, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage

_____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.

Theory of Mind

Three-year-old Sam is talking to his grandmother on the phone. He says, "Look what I got today." Sam's mom explains that his grandmother can't see him. Is Sam's mom wasting her time explaining? A. Yes, Sam is still in the sensorimotor stage. B. No, Sam should be able to learn from his mother. C. No, Sam is ready to see things from others' points of view. D. Yes, Sam has not developed a theory of mind yet.

Yes, Sam has not developed a theory of mind yet.

The increasing rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may suggest:

a relabeling of childhood disorders.

With respect to parenting style, coercive is to confrontative as _____ is to _____.

authoritarian; authoritative

Having the ability to reverse math operations

concrete operational

Understanding that physical properties stay the same even when objects change form

concrete operational

According to Piaget conservation is a milestone for which stage?

concrete operational stage

According to Piaget abstract logic is a milestone for which stage?

formal operational stage

In the strange situation, an infant with _____ attachment will remain distressed when its mother returns after a brief absence.

insecure

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:

neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes.

Having difficulty taking another's POV

preoperational

According to Piaget pretend play is a milestone for which stage?

preoperational stage

In Jean Piaget's account of the sensorimotor stage, children acquire a:

sense of object permanence.

Understanding that something is not gone for good when is disappears from sight.

sensorimotor

In Piaget's theory, grasping the notion of object permanence marks the transition from the _____ stage to the _____ stage.

sensorimotor; preoperational

Beginning at around 8 months of age, infants may become fearful around unfamiliar people. This is called _____ anxiety.

stranger