Informatics Final Exam Review

Is the following statement true or false? Chaos theory is linear.

False Rationale: Chaos theory is considered nonlinear.

How do standards influence nursing? (Select all that apply.) A. How equipment is used B. How documentation in electronic health records occurs C. What terminology is used in health record documentation D. How medical services are paid for E. How required data are reported to responsible organization

A, B, C, E Rationale: Standards influence nursing. They affect use of equipment and documentation in EHRs. Standards-setting organizations make decisions about what healthcare data to record; how to record it; what terminology to use; and what data to report to organizations.

Which symbol in a spreadsheet formula is used to identify multiplication? A. Asterisk B. Forward slash C. Caret D. Equals sign

A. Asterisk Rationale: In a spreadsheet, an asterisk (*) is used to denote multiplication. A forward slash (/) indicates division; a caret (^) indicates an exponent. An equals sign (=) is used to indicate that cell data is a formula.

When should an evaluation of the system's life cycle be done? (Select all that apply.) A. When the decision is made to begin the process B. During each phase of the process C. 6 months after the implementation phase D. Whenever administration feels it is necessary

B and C Rationale: Although evaluation should be a part of every phase of the systems life cycle, there should be a planned evaluation at least 6 months after implementation.

Which site would be most appropriate for a nurse to use when searching for research information related to patient satisfaction? A. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality B. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services C. National Institute of Nursing Research D. DataFerrett

B. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Rationale: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services provides information about patient satisfaction, outcomes of care, and cost. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality provides information about national initiatives and research on quality, access, cost, and information technology. The National Institute of Nursing Research provides the latest scientific evidence on clinical topics. DataFerrett is a federally designed browser to access public microdata.

Which type of chart is used to depict changes over time? A. Pie B. Column C. Bar D. Line

B. Column Rationale: A column chart depicts changes over time or comparisons. A pie chart depicts the proportion of various items in relation to the whole. A bar chart depicts a comparison of amounts. A line chart depicts amounts with an emphasis on changes in data over an elapsed time period.

Which of the following refers to the depth of detail of a language system? A. Taxonomy B. Granularity C. Interface terminology D. Reference terminology

B. Granularity Rationale: Granularity refers to the depth and detail of the language system. Taxonomy refers to a classification. Interface terminology is one that is used by clinicians when they enter data. Reference terminology translates the code for the term that the clinician enters.

Which of the following would be a concern associated with the use of mobile devices in nursing? A. Improved time management B. Increased cost of the device C. Enhanced patient safety D. Reduction in errors

B. Increased cost of the device Rationale: Mobile devices can be expensive in terms of both purchase and the time involved in selecting and preparing the device for use. Improved time management, enhanced patient safety, and reduced errors are benefits associated with using a mobile device

A directory of staff names in alphabetical order is an example of a: A. Taxonomic vocabulary B. Linear list C. Postcoordinated term D. Subset

B. Linear list Rationale: An alphabetical list such as a dictionary is a linear list.

Which of the following terms would be least appropriate to use when using Boolean logic for querying? A. And B. Or C. But D. Not

C. But Rationale: Boolean logic uses and, or, or not as key terms. But is not used.

Which of the following is associated with nursing informatics theory? A .Organizational interactions B. Impact of technology on productivity C. Data with some structure D. Employer rewards and authority

C. Data with some structure Rationale: Nursing informatics theory addresses data (discrete facts), information (data with some type of structure or interpretation), knowledge (synthesis of information), wisdom (evaluation of knowledge with reflection), and continuum. Sociotechnical theory addresses organizational interactions, the impact of technology on productivity, and employer rewards and authority.

Which of the following refers to a word processing program function that can be created to perform a function automatically? A. Header B. Footer C. Macro D. Sort

C. Macro Rationale: A macro is a small program that automates a function. A header is text that is printed on the top of each page. A footer is text printed on the bottom of each page. Sort is a feature that allows automatic alphabetizing of a list, table column, or paragraph.

Which of the following would include the barcode medication administration system? A.CIS B.eMar C.PPID D.PACS

C. PPID Rationale: The barcode medication administration is an example of the PPID system. CIS is a conglomerate of integrated and interoperable information systems and technology. The eMar is an electronic medication record. The PACS is used with radiology systems and allows for digital versions of all diagnostic images to be stored in the electronic patient record.

When using Web 2.0 applications, which of the following ethical principles is absolute? A. Beneficence B. Autonomy C. Respect for others D.Paternalism

C. Respect for others Rationale: Although the ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy, and paternalism are important in any situation, Web 2.0 applications allow the sharing of media that is open to the world. Therefore, respect for others is crucial.

Which of the following refers to the use of spelling variations when completing a search with a search engine? A. Wildcard B. Question mark C. Truncation D. Boolean term

C. Truncation Rationale: Truncation is used to search for spelling variations. Wildcards, such as asterisk or question marks, can be used to replace an unknown. Boolean terminology involves the use of and, or, or not.

Which of the following allows you to choose a search engine? A. URL B. HTTP C. Web browser D. Home page

C. Web browser Rationale: The web browser is the tool that enables the user to retrieve and display files from the Web. The home page of the website is the primary starting point of the site. The URL is the address of the website. HTTP is the transmission protocol, and often the web address starts with this.

Patient care management systems focus on which of the following? A. Scheduling errors B. Self-care deficits C. Workflow D. Staffing needs

C. Workflow Rationale: Patient care management systems focus on workflow or throughput. Self-care deficits and staffing needs may be addressed by patient acuity systems. Scheduling errors are addressed by computerized employee scheduling systems.

Which of the following would be most appropriate to use to promote learning at the application level? A. Flash cards B. Games C. Animations D. Case studies

D. Case studies Rationale: Case studies, along with interactive tutorials, simulations, and instructional games, assist learners to apply learning. Flash cards and games are used to facilitate learning at the knowledge level. Animations are useful in promoting comprehension.

Which of the following would a nurse identify as a positive aspect of online support groups? A. The quality of information provided B. Restrictions in group membership C. Quick response return D. Diversity of viewpoints

D. Diversity of viewpoints Rationale: Online support groups provide diverse perspectives with membership that is unrestricted. The quality of information is highly variable depending on the sponsorship of the group. Responses can be well thought out rather than a quick, on-the-spot response.

Which of the following would a nurse identify as a benefit of informatics to nursing? A. Less data to review for quality control B. More time to permit complete documentation C. Less communication needed among providers D. Easier retrieval of healthcare information

D. Easier retrieval of healthcare information Rationale: Benefits include easier retrieval of healthcare information, improved documentation with less time spent on documentation, more complete data that can be used for quality control and research, and improved communication among all healthcare providers.

Which of the following is an advantage of paper records? A. Safer for patient care B. Easy to read C. Trends easily identifiable D. No down time

D. No down time Rationale: Paper records are advantageous because there is no down time and no electricity or maintenance is needed. Electronic records are safer for patient care. Legibility issues of paper records would be a disadvantage. Trends are more difficult to identify with paper records.

Which of the following would be most important for a good presentation? A. Colorful, highly detailed graphics B. Font size of 18 points C. Addition of sound effects D. Visual reinforcement of presentation

D. Visual reinforcement of presentation Rationale: Graphics and sound can add to a presentation. However, to achieve a good presentation, the visuals and presentation must reinforce one another. A font size of 18 points would be difficult to read.

Is the following statement true or false? A hierarchical database is the simplest type of database model.

False Rationale: A flat database is the simplest type of database model because all data are in one table.

Is the following statement true or false? Any patient's health record is considered private and confidential by law.

False Rationale: A patient's health record is considered private and confidential by law only if it meets HIPAA regulations.

Is the following statement true or false? A military model would be best to use for syndromic surveillance for an event such as a terrorist attack involving large numbers of people.

False Rationale: A special events model would be used with events such as a terrorist attack involving large numbers of people who are monitored by public health teams collecting data from regional hospitals under legal authority of local health departments.

Is the following statement true or false? Electronic health records and electronic patient records refer to the same thing.

False Rationale: Although some may consider these terms to be the same, electronic patient records are created by the healthcare agency or provider and owned by that entity. An electronic health record is one that contains information and is available from any location.

Is the following statement true or false? Avatars are used with clicker technology.

False Rationale: Avatars are fictionalized computer representations of the users. They are used with virtual reality methods.

Is the following statement true or false? BrightStat is a commercially available program for statistical analysis.

False Rationale: BrightStat is a free Internet-based program for statistical analysis.

Is the following statement true or false? There are five main formats for personal health records (PHRs).

False Rationale: Currently there are three main formats for the personal health records: software applications, web based, and hybrid.

Is the following statement true or false? Most standardized terminologies for nursing are highly granular for use in documentation.

False Rationale: Currently, none of the standardized terminologies provide terminology that is granular enough to fulfill all the obligations for documentation.

Is the following statement true or false? Application of Dale's Cone of learning exemplifies evidence-based research.

False Rationale: Dale's Cone of learning is conceptually based, not evidence based. It provides an intuitive explanation about learning experience.

Is the following statement true or false? Dashboards are used to measure nursing quality indicators.

False Rationale: Dashboards are used for business intelligence providing the delivery of real-time information on key performance indicators. Nursing quality indicators include areas such as falls, nursing turnover, and staff mix.

Is the following statement true or false? Debugging of the system occurs during implementation.

False Rationale: Debugging occurs during the planning step

Is the following statement true or false? An ezine article is subjected to a complex peer review process.

False Rationale: Ezine articles are written by reporters, who may or may not be nurses or persons with expertise in nursing. Scholarly articles undergo a peer review process.

Is the following statement true or false? Karl Pearson was considered a pioneer in the use of statistics in nursing.

False Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the pioneer in statistical thinking for nursing. Karl Pearson developed the first inferential statistical methods in the 1880s.

Is the following statement true or false? Information literacy is a subset of health literacy.

False Rationale: Health literacy is a subset of information literacy.

Is the following statement true or false? It is acceptable to use one e-mail account for both personal and professional activities.

False Rationale: It is not an acceptable practice to use one account for all activities. It may be necessary to have several accounts: professional, school, and personal.

Is the following statement true or false? Only public domain software is copyrighted.

False Rationale: Knowledge of software program copyright is required to avoid software piracy. All but public domain software used is proprietary and copyrighted. Using a copyrighted program without following the rules for use is software piracy.

Is the following statement true or false? Knowledge-based digital databases are designed to replace reference books with searchable and updatable online information.

False Rationale: Knowledge-based digital databases focus on a specific area; factual digital databases focus on replacing reference books with searchable and updatable online information.

Is the following statement true or false? Left justification means that the information on the right side of the page is aligned in a straight manner.

False Rationale: Left justification means that the left margin or the information on the left side of the page is aligned in a straight manner.

Is the following statement true or false? Most early PCs used a Windows operating system.

False Rationale: Most early PCs used DOS operating system.

Is the following statement true or false? Paternalism is demonstrated by an appreciation for human dignity.

False Rationale: Paternalism is demonstrated by making decisions on behalf of others. An appreciation for human dignity reflects a respect for others.

Is the following statement true or false? Consumer information including patient education should be created to assume an eighth grade reading level.

False Rationale: Patient education materials should be written at no higher than a fifth grade reading level.

Is the following statement true or false? Phishing involves a scam that attacks the domain name server to change the routing address.

False Rationale: Phishing is a web scam involving an e-mail message containing a hyperlink for the reader to confirm an account or do some task that will reveal personal information. Pharming is a web scam that involves an attack on the domain name server.

Is the following statement true or false? Searching for appropriate evidence is the first step in the quest for knowledge.

False Rationale: Questioning practice (i.e., recognizing the need for information) is the first step in the quest for knowledge. This is followed by searching for appropriate evidence to help gain information.

Is the following statement true or false? Lewin's change theory involves societal and individual change.

False Rationale: Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory involves societal and individual change. Lewin's change theory involves freezing, moving, and refreezing.

Is the following statement true or false? Most standards are developed by individuals who receive payment for their expertise.

False Rationale: Standards development is accomplished by small groups of volunteers who are experts in their field.

Is the following statement true or false? Structural interoperability refers to the useful transmission and reception of information.

False Rationale: Structural interoperability is a concept intended to coordinate work processes. Foundational interoperability refers to the transmission and reception of information.

Is the following statement true or false? Synchronization is possible with any two mobile devices.

False Rationale: Synchronization works with the PC using proprietary software so that all files on the two computers coincide.

Is the following statement true or false? Telehomecare is limited to the use of portable monitoring devices.

False Rationale: Telehomecare includes a variety of devices and measures, such as portable monitoring devices, pill dispensers/reminders, wearable monitoring garments, and telehomecare for chronic illness management.

Is the following statement true or false? Telemedicine is a broad term that addresses more than just the delivery of clinical services.

False Rationale: Telemedicine is the electronic exchange of patient information between two sites for the purpose of improving the patient's health status. Telehealth is the broader term that extends beyond delivery of clinical services.

Is the following statement true or false? Telephony is a means to create and edit web pages.

False Rationale: Telephony provides a means to make a phone call anywhere in the world with voice and video using the Internet. A wiki is a means to create and edit a web page.

Is the following statement true or false? The Gantt chart is helpful for examining the relationships among complex processes.

False Rationale: The Gantt chart is used to track a project's progress. A cause-effect chart is used to examine the relationship among complex processes.

Is the following statement true or false? The Internet protocol controls data transmissions.

False Rationale: The Internet protocol (IP) is the way computers find each other. The transmission control protocol (TCP) controls data transfer tasks.

Is the following statement true or false? Synchronous distance learning is the most common format for distance learning.

False Rationale: The asynchronous format is the most common use of learning management systems. Learners use the resources at a time and place that is convenient to them.

Is the following statement true or false? The best-of-breed approach involves systems that are already interfaced.

False Rationale: The best-of-breed approach requires an interface at the institutional level. An integrated approach involves systems that are already interfaced.

Is the following statement true or false? PDAs were initially developed to access the Internet.

False Rationale: The early PDAs were developed and designed primarily as personal information managers.

Is the following statement true or false? Requiring a user ID and password is the most secure method for authentication.

False Rationale: The most secure method for authentication involves biometrics, such as a retinal scan, iris scan, fingerprints, and voice recognition.

Is the following statement true or false? The normal mode is the mode used to present the slide show.

False Rationale: The normal mode is the default mode used to create slides. The slide show view is used for the presentation.

Is the following statement true or false? In a spreadsheet, the rectangles in the table are called active cells.

False Rationale: The rectangles in a table spreadsheet are called cells. Active cell is the term that refers to the insertion point for data.

Is the following statement true or false? Strategic planning involves determining the risk versus the value of adopting an electronic system.

False Rationale: The return on investment compares the risk versus the value of adopting an electronic system.

Is the following statement true or false? Online diagnosing has proven to be of little value to the healthcare consumer.

False Rationale: The term online diagnoser is used for those who searched for online health information. The research has found that this information affected people's understanding of any health problems they had and improved their health management. The majority (90%) of the online diagnosers reported successful or somewhat successful searches.

Is the following statement true or false? Currently reimbursement for telehealth is standardized.

False Rationale: There is no uniformity for reimbursement in telehealth, and this issue is a common barrier to the widespread adoption of telehealth.

Is the following statement true or false? A nursing informatics specialist requires a minimum of a doctoral degree.

False Rationale: To become a nursing informatics specialist, the individual must have a master's or doctorate degree or formal postmaster's or postdoctorate degree certification.

Is the following statement true or false? Tracking systems typically are limited to tracking processes such as bed availability.

False Rationale: Tracking systems can track processes such as bed availability as well as provide documentation of time lapses that can be used in analysis of data and planning.

Is the following statement true or false? The first step in creating a database is to identify the pieces of data needed.

False Rationale: When creating a database, the first step is to identify the question the data need to answer.

Is the following statement true or false? Even work that is not well defined is subject to copyright laws.

False Rationale: Work that is intangible or not well defined is an exception to the fair use rule of copyrighted information.

Is the following statement true or false? Educational material should be written at least an eighth grade level.

False Rationale: Written educational material should be at no higher than a fifth grade level

Is the following statement true or false? Health informatics is a subspecialty under nursing informatics.

False Rationale: Health informatics is the umbrella term under which nursing informatics is a subspecialty.

Is the following statement true or false? Health informatics today is process oriented.

False: Rationale: Historically, health informatics was process-oriented, but today, it focuses on data standards in areas such as terminology and protocols.

Is the following statement true or false? Cloud computing requires access to the Internet.

True Rationale: Cloud computing is pervasive in the use of computers with Internet access. Cloud computing encompasses use of remote servers and software, file storage resources, and the ability to work synchronously and asynchronously using shared files and folders with others. However, there are pros and cons to its use.

Is the following statement true or false? A key aspect of electronic records is the ability to share data.

True Rationale: Interoperability, or the ability to share data, is an essential characteristic of electronic records.

Is the following statement true or false? Resistance to change is a common issue affecting workflow redesign for EHR.

True Rationale: Issues surrounding workflow redesign and EHR can involve resistance to change.

Is the following statement true or false? The results for sharing information on social media regarding your nursing practice are ethically and legally serious.

True Rationale: Nurses and healthcare providers who indiscriminately share stories, photos, and video related to practice face serious punishments. Indiscriminate use of social media is not only unethical but may be illegal. Examples of penalties include dismissal from a nursing program, termination from work as a nurse, revoking of a nursing license by the State Board of Nursing, or lawsuits, fines, jail, or imprisonment.

Is the following statement true or false? Nursing informatics has a leading role in the advancing patient care and outcomes.

True Rationale: Nursing need designs that are more rigorous to test the effectiveness of technology to improve patient care and outcomes. Nurse informatics researchers are in a good position to lead change by using evidence produced in research.

Is the following statement true or false? Progressive disclosure involves displaying one item at a time until all items are displayed.

True Rationale: Progressive disclosure is animation in which one item at a time is revealed until all items are displayed.

Is the following statement true or false? Any handheld device that is used for clinical data must be secured or encrypted.

True Rationale: Security issues are associated with the use of handheld devices and clinical information. Thus, when a device contains clinical information, the device should be secured or encrypted using a password or biometrics such as fingerprint recognition.

Is the following statement true or false? The major concern associated with smart card use is security.

True Rationale: The biggest concern with smart cards is security. However, the intelligence embedded in the card, as well as its processing capability and the use of standards-based cryptography, can be designed to comply with the privacy requirements of HIPAA.

Is the following statement true or false? Stage 3 of meaningful use of electronic health records involves the proof of improved patient outcomes.

True Rationale: The purpose of Stage 1 is to verify that the EHR could capture and share data. In Stage 2, users utilize advanced clinical processes to analyze data and make care improvements. As a result of the first two stages, improved outcomes are expected with Stage 3 of meaningful use.

Is the following statement true or false? Information technology skills involve three types of knowledge.

True Rationale: Three types of knowledge are necessary for information technology skills: current skills, foundational concepts, and intellectual abilities.

Is the following statement true or false? When entering text for a word processing document, the default mode is insert.

True Rationale: Typically, the default mode for entering text into a word processing document is insert.