Instability In The Middle East

Mohammed Mossadegh

rival of the Shah of Iran; was overthrown by the CIA in 1953 Prime Minister of Iran, CIA helped overthrow him by 1953, risk to United States-ian oil interests

Mandates

Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

Zionism

A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine. A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Sykes-Picot Treaty

divided Middle East into countries, without thinking about ethnic groups. gave Great Britain Iraq and France Syria and Lebanon

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal (1918-1870) Arab leader, set out to modernize Egypt and end western domination, nationalized the Suez canal

David Ben Gurion

First prime minister of Israel Had a strong passion for Zionism, becoming the main founder of Israel and its first Prime Minister

Ayatollah Khomeini

Islamic religious leader who led a fundamentalist revolution in Iran in 1979. Ruled until 1989.

Palestinian Liberation Organization

Organization created for the purpose of creating an Arab state in Palestine political party and organization that fought for Palestinian rights

Fatah

Part of the PLO, this is a moderate islamic group Yasser Arafat's armed party that dominated PLO

Reza Shah Pahlavi

Persian leader who set out to modernize the country; kept power in his own hands

U.N. Resolution 181

Resolution passed by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 1947 that called for the partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states, with the city of Jerusalem as a corpus separatum (Latin: "separate entity") to be governed by a special international regime. The resolution—which was considered by the Jewish community in Palestine to be a legal basis for the establishment of Israel, and which was rejected by the Arab community—was succeeded almost immediately by violence.

Yassir Arafat

The Palestine Liberation Operation leader who called for the destruction of Israel

Operation Ajax

U.S.- and UK-backed overthrow of Iranian Prime Minister Mossadeq in 1953.

Ottoman Empire

a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922.

Hamas

a military terrorist group intent on replacing Israel with an Islamic State