INSY 3303 - Exam 2 - Chap 5

TCP/IP has two parts

- TCP is the transport layer protocol - IP is the network layer protocol

Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

A Layer 4 protocol that carries voice (and interactive video).

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A TCP/IP protocol that is used by devices to communicate updates or error information to other devices. the simplest interior routing protocol on theInternet

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)(m)

A core routing protocol that bases routing decisions on the network path and rules. a dynamic distance vector exterior routing protocol used on the Internet to exchange routing information between autonomous systems—that is, large sections of the Internet.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

A dynamic protocol that uses distance-vector routing algorithms to decipher which route to send data packets.

Multicasting

A means of transmission in which one device sends data to a specific group of devices (not necessarily the entire network segment) in a point-to-multipoint fashion.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A network service that provides automatic assignment of IP addresses and other TCP /IP configuration information.

Subnet

A part of a network in which all nodes shares a network addressing component and a fixed amount of bandwidth.

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)

A protocol aimed at regularizing and formalizing the practice of securing particular levels of service for traffic flows over the Internet.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

An alternative to TCP that achieves higher transmission speeds at the cost of reliability, is used when the sender needs to send a single small packet to the receiver

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Dynamically assigns IP address information (for example, IP address, subnet mask, DNS server's IP address, and default gateway's IP address) to network devices.

Cisco Internetwork Operating Systems (IOS)

IOS uses a command line interfacerather than a graphical user interface. Theoperating system that is used in about 90% of routers The network manager uses IOS commands to create a configuration file (also called a config file) that defines how the router will operate.

IP

Internet Protocol - wperforms addressing and routing, routes the message to the final destination.

Network layer PDUs are called

Packets

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Part of the TCP/IP protocol for determining the MAC address based on the IP address.

Different approaches to address resolution

Range from completely decentralized (each computer is responsible each computer is responsible) to completely centralized (one computer that know all addresses)

acknowledgement (ACK)

Short for acknowledgement, ACK is an answer given by another computer or network device indicating to another computer that it acknowledged the SYN/ACK or other request sent to it. Note: If the signal is not properly received an NAK is sent.

Address Resolution

To send a message, the sender must be able to translate the application layer address (or server name) of the destination into a network layer address and in turn translate that into a data link layer address.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol - It performs segmenting: breaking the data into smaller PDUs called segments, numbering them, ensuring that each segment is reliably delivered, and putting them in the proper order at the destination. - A typical TCP segment has a 192-bit header (24 bytes) of control information

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - the transport/network layer protocol used on the Internet. - allows reasonably efficient and error-free transmission - it performs error checking, it can send large files across sometimes unreliable networks with great assurance that the data will arrive uncorrupted.

TCP Connections - connection-oriented service

Used by Most application layer software such as Web browsers (HTTP), email (SMTP), FTP, and Telnet before the first packet is sent, the transport layerfirst sends a SYN segment to establish a session (also known as the three-way handshake). Oncethe session is established, then the data packets begin to flow. Once the data are finished, thesession is closed with a FIN segment (also known as the four-way handshake)

Routing Protocols

used to facilitate the exchange of routing information between routers BGP, RIP, ICMP, EIGRP,and OSPF are examples

Segmenting

breaking large messages into smaller packets for transmission and reassembling them at the destination

negative acknowledgment (NAK)

In data exchange, the communication sent from one computer or system to another stating that it did not receive a data packet in readable form.

segment

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at the transport layer

top-level domain (TLD)

The last section of a domain name, specifying the type of organization or its country of origin

Domain Name Service (DNS)

a distributed database that looks up the host and domain names that you enter and returns the actual IP address for the computer that you want to communicate with

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

a dynamic distance vector interior routing protocol that is commonly used in smaller networks, such as those operated by one organization. develop the routing table.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

a dynamic hybrid interior routing protocol developed by Cisco and is commonly used inside organizations

Quality of Service (QoS)

a special type of connection-oriented messaging in which different connections are assigned different priorities.

UDP

connectionless service

IPv4

has 192-bit header (24 bytes) This header contains source and destination addresses, packet length, and packet number

IPv6

has a 320-bit header (40 bytes) simpler packet structure makes it easier to perform routing and supports a varietyof new approaches to addressing and routing

simulation

mathematical technique in which the network comes to life and behaves as it would under real conditions, is used to model the behavior of the communication network.

top-level domain (TLD)

server for the requested website (in this case, the .edu TLD server, because the destination website is in the .edu domain)