INTEGUMENT SYSTEM
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as ___.
first-degree
The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
A thickened area of a scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ___.
keloid
The pale crescent area of the nail is called the ___.
lunula
Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ___ glands.
mammary
In albinism, ___ is lacking
melanin
Thick skin can be found on the ___.
palms
The ___ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.
reticular
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ___.
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
Melanocytes are found in the ___.
stratum basale
The correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial).
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratun granulosm, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?
there are no vital organs in the region
The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n) ___.
third degree burn
Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of:
upward diffusion of nutrients from the blood vessels in the dermis
Shafts of hair are compromised of ___.
dead keratinized epidermal cells
What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn?
dehydration
The dermis is composed largely of ___.
dense irregular connective
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
"goose bumps" are formed.
The secretions of the eccrine glands are:
99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C
Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis are called ___.
dermal papillae
The ___ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.
FALSE
True/False: Eccrine and apocrine glads are the two types of sebaceous glands.
FALSE
True/False: The pinkish hue of healthy individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the dermis.
FALSE
True/False: The thickened, proximal area of the nail is called the nail matrix, and it is responsible for nail growth.
FALSE
True/False: When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will be dissipated.
FALSE
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by ___.
dilating blood vessels
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ___ glands.
apocrine
What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis?
areolar connective tissue
Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
___ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.
carotene
Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ___ glands.
ceruminous
The skin is also call the ___ membrane.
cutaneous