INTEGUMENT SYSTEM

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as ___.

first-degree

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

A thickened area of a scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ___.

keloid

The pale crescent area of the nail is called the ___.

lunula

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ___ glands.

mammary

In albinism, ___ is lacking

melanin

Thick skin can be found on the ___.

palms

The ___ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.

reticular

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ___.

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

Melanocytes are found in the ___.

stratum basale

The correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial).

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratun granulosm, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?

there are no vital organs in the region

The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n) ___.

third degree burn

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of:

upward diffusion of nutrients from the blood vessels in the dermis

Shafts of hair are compromised of ___.

dead keratinized epidermal cells

What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn?

dehydration

The dermis is composed largely of ___.

dense irregular connective

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"goose bumps" are formed.

The secretions of the eccrine glands are:

99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C

Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis are called ___.

dermal papillae

The ___ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.

FALSE

True/False: Eccrine and apocrine glads are the two types of sebaceous glands.

FALSE

True/False: The pinkish hue of healthy individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the dermis.

FALSE

True/False: The thickened, proximal area of the nail is called the nail matrix, and it is responsible for nail growth.

FALSE

True/False: When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will be dissipated.

FALSE

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by ___.

dilating blood vessels

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ___ glands.

apocrine

What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis?

areolar connective tissue

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

___ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.

carotene

Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ___ glands.

ceruminous

The skin is also call the ___ membrane.

cutaneous