integumentary system
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as
1st degree
Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?
1st degree
What degree of burn would affect the connective tissues of the skin, which contains capillaries and nerve fibers ?
3rd degree
The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n)
3rd degree burn
Short term paling of the skin occurs with _______________.
vasoconstriction
Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.
vitamin D3
nail root
where the nail is produced, covered by the cuticle
Merocrine sweat glands
respond primarily to elevated body temperature
What is the correct order for repair of the intgument?
scab formation, tissue granulation, scab removal, scar formation
Which of the following glands are sensitive to hormonal changes, causing acne in many people going through puberty.
sebaceous
The two types of exocrine glands in the skin are
sebaceous and sweat glands
Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?
Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly.
The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is
acne
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.
apocrine
Sweat glands that communicate with hair follicles in the armpits (axillary region) and produce an odorous secretion are
appocrine glands
Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
granulation tissue
formed from the combination of a fibrin clot, fibroblasts, capillaries. Macrophage arrive to clean up debris
scar formation
formed from the remaining meshwork of collagen fibers
nail
protect tips of fingers and toes
visible nail body
made of dense keratinized cells
Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands.
mammary
The hair _________________ grows, making hair longers.
matrix
In albinism, ________ is lacking.
melanin
The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production.
melanin
Functions of the skin include
regulating body temperature
What is the function of mammary glands ?
secrete milk for feeding of young
The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from
melanocytes
Which type cancer commonly begins as a small mole?
melanoma
Choose the 3 accessory structures of the Integumentary System
nails, hair, select exocrine glands
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
perspiring, cooling the body through evaporation
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.
ultraviolet radiation
A "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n)
abrasion
What muscles allow this to occur to the hair ?
errector pili muscles
Which of the following is a plausible reason for increased infections due to a break in the intgument system, as the skin ages ?
Decrease amount of macrophage residing in the skin
Which of the following best explains why hair color dulls or turns silver/grey as a person ages ?
Low functioning follicles and decreased melanocyte activity
scab formation
a blood clot forms a temporary "patch"
clot removal
a scab is formed and falls off, the blood clot is broken down by the body.
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light
can slowly increase melanocyte activity
The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup.
carotene
________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.
carotene
Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands.
ceruminous
The skin is also called the ________ membrane.
cutaneous
The two major components of the integument are
cutaneous membrane and accessory structures
Shafts of hair are comprised of
dead keratinized epidermal cells
nail bed
deeper level of epithlium covered by the nail body
Blood vessels are located in the
dermis
A ceruminous gland that is over productive would produce an excessive amount of
earwax
Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?
hair matrix
The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion?
holocrine
Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands
is limited to the hair follicles of the armpits (axillia), nipples, and public region.
This is a ________ scar
keloid
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________.
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
Another term for sweat glands is
sudoriferous
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
"goose bumps" are formed
