integumentary system

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as

1st degree

Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?

1st degree

What degree of burn would affect the connective tissues of the skin, which contains capillaries and nerve fibers ?

3rd degree

The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n)

3rd degree burn

Short term paling of the skin occurs with _______________.

vasoconstriction

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.

vitamin D3

nail root

where the nail is produced, covered by the cuticle

Merocrine sweat glands

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

What is the correct order for repair of the intgument?

scab formation, tissue granulation, scab removal, scar formation

Which of the following glands are sensitive to hormonal changes, causing acne in many people going through puberty.

sebaceous

The two types of exocrine glands in the skin are

sebaceous and sweat glands

Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?

Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly.

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

acne

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.

apocrine

Sweat glands that communicate with hair follicles in the armpits (axillary region) and produce an odorous secretion are

appocrine glands

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

granulation tissue

formed from the combination of a fibrin clot, fibroblasts, capillaries. Macrophage arrive to clean up debris

scar formation

formed from the remaining meshwork of collagen fibers

nail

protect tips of fingers and toes

visible nail body

made of dense keratinized cells

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands.

mammary

The hair _________________ grows, making hair longers.

matrix

In albinism, ________ is lacking.

melanin

The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production.

melanin

Functions of the skin include

regulating body temperature

What is the function of mammary glands ?

secrete milk for feeding of young

The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from

melanocytes

Which type cancer commonly begins as a small mole?

melanoma

Choose the 3 accessory structures of the Integumentary System

nails, hair, select exocrine glands

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

perspiring, cooling the body through evaporation

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.

ultraviolet radiation

A "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n)

abrasion

What muscles allow this to occur to the hair ?

errector pili muscles

Which of the following is a plausible reason for increased infections due to a break in the intgument system, as the skin ages ?

Decrease amount of macrophage residing in the skin

Which of the following best explains why hair color dulls or turns silver/grey as a person ages ?

Low functioning follicles and decreased melanocyte activity

scab formation

a blood clot forms a temporary "patch"

clot removal

a scab is formed and falls off, the blood clot is broken down by the body.

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light

can slowly increase melanocyte activity

The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup.

carotene

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.

carotene

Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands.

ceruminous

The skin is also called the ________ membrane.

cutaneous

The two major components of the integument are

cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

Shafts of hair are comprised of

dead keratinized epidermal cells

nail bed

deeper level of epithlium covered by the nail body

Blood vessels are located in the

dermis

A ceruminous gland that is over productive would produce an excessive amount of

earwax

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?

hair matrix

The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion?

holocrine

Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands

is limited to the hair follicles of the armpits (axillia), nipples, and public region.

This is a ________ scar

keloid

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________.

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

Another term for sweat glands is

sudoriferous

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"goose bumps" are formed