International Marketing

The primary multinational trade group in Asia is _____. NAFTA ASEAN COMESA CEFTA SADC

ASEAN

Robert Jonas is in charge of a new marketing effort directed toward Peru. In order for his company to effectively market and distribute to all of Peru's major cities, Mr. Jonas must devise a logistics plan for crossing the Andes Mountains on a daily basis. Which of the following foreign environment uncontrollable variables would be a chief concern as Mr. Jonas devises his plan? Geography and infrastructure Economic forces Political/legal forces Competitive forces Cultural forces

Geography and infrastructure

Which of the following is the main disadvantage of hiring local nationals in the sales force? Cultural differences lead to communication issues. National interests conflict with the corporate strategy. Poaching of experienced personnel by competitor companies increases. Headquarters personnel tend to ignore the advice of local nationals. Most local nationals turn out to be costlier in the long run.

Headquarters personnel tend to ignore the advice of local nationals.

_____ is one of the major barriers to effective communication through advertising. Language Technology Jingoism Power structure Religion

Language

Which of the following characterizes the business philosophy of the Japanese distribution channels? Price competition Loyalty Fast delivery Direct sales Variety

Loyalty

_____ is a free trade group formed by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Caricom DR-CAFTA SACU Mercosur NAFTA

Mercosur

Which philosophy of U.S. management recognizes that people influence the future to a large extent and that they control their own fates? Independent enterprise as the instrument of social action. Never-ending quest for improvement. Competition produces efficiency. "Master of destiny" viewpoint. Wide sharing in decision making.

"Master of destiny" viewpoint.

Which of the following is true regarding the stages of international marketing involvement? A firm may be in more than one stage simultaneously. A firm essentially progresses through the stages in a linear order. A firm begins its international involvement at the second stage. The final stage of the process is involves no direct foreign marketing. The international marketing stage represents the highest level of international involvement.

A firm may be in more than one stage simultaneously.

____ is the conscious effort on the part of the international marketer to anticipate the influences of both the foreign and domestic uncontrollable factors on a marketing mix and then to adjust the marketing mix to minimize the effects. Standardization Projection Adaptation Segregation Segmentation

Adaptation

Consumers have broad but somewhat vague stereotypes about specific countries and specific product categories that they judge "best." Which of the following would not fit in the "best" stereotype scheme? Jamaican rum American chocolate English tea Chinese silk French perfume

American chocolate

A multinational company, with its headquarters in the U.S., wants to sell a new high-technology product in foreign markets. For effective selling, the sales force for this company should consist mostly of: temporary personnel. American expatriates. college recruits. veterans. local nationals.

American expatriates.

Which of the following is an example of comparative advertising? An ad using a scantily clad model to promote a soft drink. An ad using shocking or taboo material to promote a product. An ad showing a celebrity smoking his preferred brand of cigarettes. An ad showing the superiority of synthetic materials used in its products as compared to cotton. An ad showing a dog choosing one brand of dog food over another.

An ad showing a dog choosing one brand of dog food over another.

James Barker is the marketing manager of a firm with small international sales volume. He is looking for a middleman who can take responsibility for promotion of the company's products, credit arrangements, physical handling, and market research. Also, the middleman must be able to provide information on financial, patent, and licensing matters. In addition, the middleman should agree to work under the name of the firm. Which of the following types of middlemen would be the best choice for Mr. Barker if he wants to meet his objectives? A complementary marketer. A trade representative. A manufacturer's export agent. An export management company. An export merchant.

An export management company.

Which of the following is the most popular way to circumvent WTO guidelines and impose new duties? Orderly market agreements Embargoes Antidumping duties Voluntary export restraints Boycotts

Antidumping duties

____ is a new nontariff barrier that was designed to prevent foreign producers from using predatory pricing. License Embargo Import license Antidumping law Quota

Antidumping law

A European chocolate manufacturer received several complaints from customers about the quality of its product when it began selling them in a tropical country. The firm had to re-package its chocolate bars in an extra plastic wrapper to protect it from the heat and dust. Which of the following factors in the local market dictated product adaptation in the current scenario? Technological requirements. Political requirements. Climatic requirements. Legal requirements. Economic requirements.

Climatic requirements.

Which of these levels of economic integration lacks only political unity to become a political union? Common market Regional cooperation group Trade friendly zone Free trade area Customs union

Common market

With respect to political risk that can be faced by a company seeking to invest abroad, which of the following is most severe? Expropriation Domestication Local-content laws Exchange controls Confiscation

Confiscation

C. K. Prahalad has cited two primary misconceptions behind the international marketers ignoring the bottom-of-the-pyramid markets. One of the reasons is that the products and services developed for more affluent consumers are not appropriate for these markets. Which of the following is the other misconception? The lack of uniformity in bottom-of-the-pyramid markets. The heavy taxation system in bottom-of-the-pyramid markets allows little profit. Consumers in the bottom-of-the-pyramid markets lack both money and technology. Consumers in the bottom-of-the-pyramid markets are characterized by conservative traditions and culture. Unwillingness of consumers in the bottom-of-the-pyramid markets to buy international products.

Consumers in the bottom-of-the-pyramid markets lack both money and technology.

Which of the following is true of advertising agencies for international advertising? A multinational agency provides the best cultural interpretation in a situation in which local modification is required. Cross-cultural communication between a foreign client and a local agency can be problematic. A multinational agency always has the best feel for a market. A local domestic agency may provide a company with a high level of sophistication. Agency commission patterns are consistent throughout the world.

Cross-cultural communication between a foreign client and a local agency can be problematic.

The Red Lobster seafood restaurant is considering opening branch operations in China. However, the restaurant chain's labor union has already pointed out a potential problem with this expansion. In China, it is considered to be in bad taste to allow employees to collect tips for service. Since a great portion of a typical wait-staff person's compensation comes in the form of tips, the union would like to know how employees would be compensated for this loss. The above example illustrates which of the following barriers a consumer services marketer faces in a foreign market? Controls on transborder data flows. Cultural requirements for adaptation. Language translation barriers. Protectionism. Protection of intellectual property.

Cultural requirements for adaptation.

A clothing company in Singapore which specialized in women's clothing, had to modify its clothes before introducing them to Iranian markets, to suit the needs of women in that country. Women in Iran are expected to cover themselves completely. The company mostly used opaque material and provided accessories like scarves. Which of the following factors is dictating product adaptation in the above scenario? Economic requirements. Cultural requirements. Legal requirements. Climatic requirements. Technological requirements.

Cultural requirements.

Which is the comprehensive free trade agreement among Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the United States that includes a wide array of tariff reductions aimed at increasing trade and employment? DR-CAFTA CFTA Mercosur Jamaica NAFTA

DR-CAFTA

_____ is often the approach of choice in markets with insufficient or underdeveloped distribution systems. Internet selling Direct marketing A big wholesale store Television advertising A discount house

Direct marketing

Booster bar is a popular brand of energy bars in Canada. The company sold these bars singly or in packs of two in the South Asian markets, instead of their regular multiple-item packaging containing 10 or 20 bars to make it more affordable for the consumers. Which of the following requirements of the local market is influencing product adaptation in the above scenario? Political requirement. Technological requirements. Legal requirements. Economical requirements. Cultural requirements.

Economical requirements.

Which of the following is the main reason for the failure of individual incentives to motivate employees in Japan? Democratic form of government. Practice of cultural chauvinism. High corruption levels. Emphasis on paternalism. Encouraging individualism.

Emphasis on paternalism.

The _____ initiates policy and supervises its observance by member states, and it proposes and supervises execution of laws and policies. United Nations Council of Ministers World Trade Organization Commonwealth of Independent States European Commission

European Commission

The _____ originally had only a consultative role that passed on most European Union legislation but now has the power to amend and adopt legislation. Court of Justice European Commission Legislative Commission Council of Ministers European Parliament

European Parliament

Which of the following strategies to minimize political vulnerability and risk has the advantage of engaging the power of several investors and banks in the host country whenever any kind of government takeover or harassment is threatened? Sole-proprietorship Licensing Political bargaining Expanding the investment base Joint ventures

Expanding the investment base

Which of the following aspects of communication is more important in a low-context culture? Contextual communication Explicit communication Implicit communication Face-to-face communication Nonverbal communication

Explicit communication

_____ occurs when payments are extracted under duress by someone in authority from a person seeking only what he or she is lawfully entitled to. Lubrication Extortion Subornation Larceny Bribery

Extortion

The most useful information on how cultural values influence various types of business and market behavior comes from work done by: Milton Friedman. Ayn Rand. George Gallup. Sigmund Freud. Geert Hofstede.

Geert Hofstede.

Which of the following is true with respect to Professor Jared Diamond's ideas regarding the influence of geography on history and cultural values? Historically, societies in the north are more developed than those in the south. Civilizations near major rivers are more developed than those settled near major oceans. Historically, innovations spread faster east to west than north to south. People in the plains are more likely to invade than those settled in higher altitudes. Historically, invasions from warrior tribes have always happened from the west to the east.

Historically, innovations spread faster east to west than north to south.

In the context of designing an international sales force, which of the following is true of Japan? In Japan, complete local knowledge is important for salespeople. Japan has an information-oriented culture. Japan is not a member of World Trade Organization. Japan allows for greater use of expatriates. In Japan, personal selling need not be localized.

In Japan, complete local knowledge is important for salespeople.

n the context cultural values, the _____ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest. Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Linguistic Masculinity/Femininity Individualism/Collectivism

Individualism/Collectivism

Which of the following is true of ethnocentrism? It is the cultural binding force among a diverse employee population in an organization. It is a problem that arises when managers from affluent countries work with managers and markets in less affluent countries. Self-reference criterion is universally considered the technique to reduce or eliminate ethnocentrism. It is the cornerstone of effective adaptation in the field of international marketing. American managers have generally been uninfluenced by it, especially in the beginning of the 21st century.

It is a problem that arises when managers from affluent countries work with managers and markets in less affluent countries.

Which of the following is true of the APEC? It promotes economic cooperation. It is opposed to open trade. Russia is not a member of this grouping. Its members meet once in six months. It aims to increase barriers to investment.

It promotes economic cooperation.

n the late 1990s, most of the countries of the world saw a slow down in the unprecedented and precipitous growth of their economies. However, _____ remained unaffected by this trend. the United States Japan France China Germany

Japan

Which of the following actions is important for foreign marketers in order to be effective in a foreign market? Making the product relate to the most prominent religion in the foreign culture. Learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own. Ensuring that the promotions for the product are indifferent to social beliefs. Adhering to the prominent prejudices in the foreign society. Creating product differentiation by being indifferent to the culture of the foreign market.

Learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own.

What are the two dimensions that help in defining the quality of a product of quality? Product quality and service quality. Product quality and process quality. Market-perceived quality and performance quality. Actual quality and assumed quality. Absolute quality and relative quality.

Market-perceived quality and performance quality.

Which of the following countries is considered as a BEM (big emerging market)? Venezuela Egypt Australia Mexico Germany

Mexico

Which of the following countries is more likely to exhibit higher levels of bribery? High-income nations. Nations with a communist past. Countries with low-power distance. Countries with a strong dependence on international trade. Individualistic cultures.

Nations with a communist past.

Fredrick Keeble, an American manager, took his Swiss client out for a traditional American dinner. The client did not seem to enjoy the food and left most of it untouched. After dinner, he asked his client if he had enjoyed the dinner. Which of the following responses would indicate that the client comes from a low-context culture? Yes, unfortunately I was not very hungry. No, I thought the food was good. Yes, it was lovely, thanks. No, I did not like the food. Yes, but it was a little too oily.

No, I did not like the food.

While developing an international advertisement campaign, which of the following is the first step of the process? Specify the goals of the communication. Execute the campaign. Compose and secure a budget based on what is required to meet goals. Select effective media. Perform marketing research.

Perform marketing research.

Which of the following statements is true of political sanctions? Political sanctions normally control and rectify situations within a nation. The United Nations encourages boycotts as a means of settling disputes. Political sanctions are generally not very successful. Political sanctions are least effective against consumer goods. Political sanctions are illegal.

Political sanctions are generally not very successful.

Which of the following elements in the marketing environment poses a challenge to both domestic and international marketers due to its uncontrollable nature? Channels of distribution Research activities Political/legal forces Promotion Price

Political/legal forces

Randall Smithe-Jones believes that protectionism is the only way to save the United Kingdom from outside competitors. He has seen small businesses go bankrupt because cheaper foreign goods have been more popular. The cell-phone manufacturing industry has just started in U.K and Smithe-Jones' company is one of the first to try its hand at cell-phone manufacturing. Which of the following would probably be the argument that Smithe-Jones would use to persuade his government representatives that protectionism is still needed in the U.K.? Protection of an infant industry. Maintenance of standard of living. Conservation of natural resources. National defense. The need to keep money at home.

Protection of an infant industry.

Which of the following elements of integrated marketing communications is related to encouraging the press to cover positive stories about companies and managing unfavorable rumors, stories, and events? Sales promotion Personal selling Public relations Trade shows Direct selling

Public relations

Which of the following is an instance of how nationalism can be manifested? Removal of tariffs and quotas. Focus on global security. Call to buy a global counterpart's products. Restrictions on imports. Membership in bilateral trade treaties.

Restrictions on imports.

Which key provision of NAFTA restricts Japan from assembling autos in Mexico and avoiding U.S. or Canadian tariffs and quotas, unless the auto had a specific percentage of Mexican (i.e., North American) content? Intellectual property Services Rules of origin Standards Government procurement

Rules of origin

_____ are considered to be the foundation of the Japanese distribution system. Wholesalers Small retailers Brokers Consumers Manufacturers

Small retailers

ASEAN+3 is a forum for ASEAN ministers plus ministers from China, Japan, and _____. Russia United States South Korea New Zealand Australia

South Korea

Which of the following is one of the nations referred to as the Four Asian Tigers? South Korea Malaysia India Sri Lanka Thailand

South Korea

Tall Pine Plywood Company has just received a notice that a shipment of plywood (2 metric tons) has been rejected by Japanese customs because the knotholes commonly found on a plywood sheet are too large. Which of the following categories of nontariff barriers primarily checks such quality issues? Standards Embargoes Quotas Boycotts Licenses

Standards

_____ generally involves giving large sums of money-frequently not properly accounted for-designed to entice an official to commit an illegal act on behalf of the one offering the bribe. Agent charges Lubrication Ransom Subornation Extortion

Subornation

Which of the following is true regarding Hong Kong, post its turnover to the People's Republic of China? After becoming a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong has lost its autonomy. The Hong Kong SAR government openly opposes economic policies that stresses the predominant role of the private sector. The Hong Kong dollar has ceased to be freely convertible after its turnover to the People's Republic of China. The central government in Beijing has no jurisdiction over matters related to foreign affairs and defense of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong government negotiates bilateral agreements and makes major economic decisions on its own.

The Hong Kong government negotiates bilateral agreements and makes major economic decisions on its own.

___ has long been considered the most effective nontariff barrier to the Japanese market. The Japanese distribution structure The Japanese population Intense competition in Japan The Japanese import and export procedure Japanese culture

The Japanese distribution structure

Which of the following countries is a part of the free trade area known as CFTA? Brazil Argentina Uruguay France The United States

The United States

Which of the following is an example of the primary attribute of a product? The ability of a camera to take a picture. The prestige associated with driving a car. The eco-friendly functioning of a digital watch. The design and form factor of a phone. The color of a laptop.

The ability of a camera to take a picture.

Which of the following was the greatest hindrance to the development of software innovations appropriate for world markets in Japan? The burgeoning population. The deeply-rooted bureaucratic structure. The growing fiscal deficit. The complex Japanese language. The rise in global oil prices.

The complex Japanese language.

Which of the following is the most critical difference between domestic marketing and international marketing? The change in marketing goals. The different concepts of marketing. The environment in which marketing plans must be implemented. The difference in marketing principles being followed. The basic processes used to market products and services.

The environment in which marketing plans must be implemented.

Political explanations of Japan's crisis during the 1990s identified two villains. One of them was the powerful Japanese bureaucracy. Which of the following is the other one? Japan's trade policies with the United States. The long entrenched Liberal Democratic political party. The powerful influence of the royalty in political issues. The splintering of most of Japan's right-wing political parties. Japan's refusal to join Asian trade blocs.

The long entrenched Liberal Democratic political party.

A manager hires an agent to obtain a license to build a warehouse in an industrial district. The agent was caught offering a bribe to a government official for issue of the license. Which of the following describes the manager's liabilities? The manager is liable since the agent used part of his fees for bribery, although the manager was unaware of the agent's intentions. The manager is not liable if the agent can prove that extortion, rather than bribery, took place. The manager is liable only if the act of building the warehouse at the given location is illegal. The manager is liable if he was aware of the fact that part of the agent's fee would be used as a bribe. The manager is not liable since the use of an agent absolves him of any responsibility.

The manager is liable if he was aware of the fact that part of the agent's fee would be used as a bribe.

In terms of political risk, which of the following poses the greatest threat to international marketers? The possibility of the government actually failing. Exchange rate fluctuations affecting margins. Membership or withdrawal of membership of the government in trade blocs. Newer environmental regulations approved by global trade bodies. Change of economic policies.

The possibility of the government actually failing.

Which of the following is a dynamic trend that is affecting the current global business strategies? The trend toward using English as the global language. The trend toward buying American cars in Europe. The trend toward establishing a world currency. The trend toward the acceptance of the free market system among developing countries. The trend toward worldwide instant communication.

The trend toward the acceptance of the free market system among developing countries.

Which of the following is true of the marketing opportunities in Greater China? There are extreme differences in economic well-being, cultures, and political structures. The economic system of China is based entirely on capitalist principles. Unlike the United States, luxury cars sell better in rural areas of the west. It has an efficient distribution and channel system and so companies can save on infrastructure building. Selling consumer products in China requires little cultural nuance.

There are extreme differences in economic well-being, cultures, and political structures.

Which of the following is an advantage of hiring local nationals in the sales force? They are likely to have superior technical expertise. They are more knowledgeable of the company and its product line. They are less likely to accept any form of bribe. They are more knowledgeable about a country's business structure and systems. They are more efficient in communicating with and influencing headquarters' personnel.

They are more knowledgeable about a country's business structure and systems.

Which of the following statements is true regarding agent middlemen? They take title to the merchandise. They work on commission and arrange for sales in the foreign country. Manufacturers cannot control them as they control merchant middlemen. They assume trading risks. They do not represent the best interests of the manufacturer.

They work on commission and arrange for sales in the foreign country.

Which of the following is a political cause of instability in international markets? Varied taxing conventions Activism Differences in economic philosophies Global focus Trade disputes

Trade disputes

Which organization conducts an international survey of businesspeople, political analysts, and the general public on corruption and compiles the Corruption Perception Index (CPI)? United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). Organization of American States (OAS). Transparency International (TI). World Trade Organization (WTO). Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Transparency International (TI).

Cultures with high _____ scores tend to have a high level of anxiety and stress and a concern with security and rule following. Uncertainty Avoidance Index Distance from English Index Masculinity/Femininity Index Individualism/Collectivism Index Power Distance Index

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

Which of the following is a reason for an expatriate's failure to function effectively in a foreign assignment? Interference from work councils. Lack of personal career planning. Differing customer expectations on product features. Unsuccessful family adjustment. Reduced compensation and benefits.

Unsuccessful family adjustment.

At the most general level, the _____ represents the most important and comprehensive trade agreement in history. MERCOSUR Amsterdam Treaty WTO NAFTA ASEAN

WTO

Which of the following is true of an expatriate sales force? An expatriate sales force is unsuitable when a company wants to sell high-technology products. Information-oriented cultures do not respond favorably to an expatriate sales force. In relationship-based cultures, an expatriate sales force proves to be most efficient. When selling requires an extensive background of information, an expatriate sales force is the best choice. An expatriate sales force is found to be lacking in knowledge regarding the product line of the company.

When selling requires an extensive background of information, an expatriate sales force is the best choice.

Which of the following is true of adaptation in international marketing? Open tolerance is considered to be an unnecessary concession to foreign cultures. Empathy for foreign cultures may lead to cultural discord. Willingness to adapt is a crucial attitude in international marketing. Mere tolerance of alien cultures is sufficient in international marketing. Adaptation requires business executives to forsake their ways and change to local customs.

Willingness to adapt is a crucial attitude in international marketing.

The ideal political climate for a multinational firm is: a country with a stable and friendly government. an authoritarian government that can be dealt with through non-legal channels. a country where international laws do not apply. a government where absolute power is a reality. a country where favors can be purchased cheaply.

a country with a stable and friendly government.

Essentially, a free trade area (FTA) provides its members with: customs unionization. a regional cooperation for social development. a mass market without barriers among partner countries. political union an international market place without customs duties.

a mass market without barriers among partner countries.

The _____ effect refers to the possibility that the place of manufacture may affect product or brand image. plus or minus polar alteration country-of-origin transfer

country-of-origin

he process of adjusting to a new culture is known as: assimilation. acculturation. diffusion. culture transfer. transference.

acculturation.

The Commonwealth of Independent States is: an economic and political alliance with open borders and no central government. a political alliance with a central government. a supranational organization similar to the old European community. a federation of many states. an economic and political alliance with closed borders and a federal government.

an economic and political alliance with open borders and no central government.

Most newly industrialized countries (NICs) have moved away from restrictive trade practices and instituted significant free market reforms. As a result these countries have: reduced population pressures through labor outsourcing. overcome environmental damages caused by lack of development. obtained significant amount of loans from World Bank. attracted both trade and foreign direct investment. taken measures to protect their cultures and traditions.

attracted both trade and foreign direct investment.

Feng shui is a Chinese ____, considered to be the process that links humans and the universe to ch'i, the energy that sustains life and flows through our bodies and surroundings, in and around our homes and workplaces. ritual myth illusion symbol belief

belief

Markets that are geographically large, have strong growth rates, are regional economic drivers and represent sizable markets for a wide range of products are known as _____. big emerging markets captive markets contestable markets two-sided markets niche markets

big emerging markets

C. K. Prahalad and associates introduced the concept of a global market, not necessarily defined by national borders but rather by the pockets of poverty across countries, and consisting of 4 billion people across the globe with annual incomes of less than $1,200. They refer to these consumers, concentrated in the LDCs and LLDCs, as _____ markets. third-world bottom-of-the-pyramid subsistence peripheral underdeveloped

bottom-of-the-pyramid

Stopping or refusing to trade with another nation for political reasons is called: confiscation. boycotting. democratization. monopolizing. expropriation.

boycotting.

All of the following are specific objectives of sales promotion EXCEPT: encouraging stores to stock the product. immediate purchase. building brand loyalty. gaining retail point-of-purchase displays. consumer introduction to the store.

building brand loyalty.

The product platform, design features, and functional features are all found in the _____ component of the product, according to the product component model. global core support packaging functional

core

A shoe manufacturer in Puerto Ria shipped his entire production to San Francisco and brought it back to his home country to market it as "Made in the U.S." He knew that people would prefer buying products made in the U.S. rather than those that are domestically produced. The factor that is influencing the perception of the customers in the above scenario is called _____. host country effect product homologation country-of-origin effect copycat aversion first-mover advantage

country-of-origin effect

The _____ of the balance-of-payments statement is most likely to record all merchandise exports, imports, and services plus unilateral transfers of funds. reserves account current account capital account credit account receivables account

current account

In the context of the Internet in international marketing channels, technically, e-commerce is a form of _____ selling. targeted mass dual direct parallel

direct

Home-country middlemen are also known as _____ middlemen. regional local merchant area domestic

domestic

The level of market development roughly parallels the stages of _____. economic equilibrium economic duress economic repression economic development economic sustainability

economic development

When the United States refuses to sell goods to Iran because of the perception that the country harbors radicals and terrorists, the refusal is most accurately referred to as a(n): embargo. tariff. orderly market agreement. voluntary export restraint. antidumping penalty.

embargo.

The distribution channel process includes all activities, beginning with the manufacturer and ending with the _____. retailer final consumer agent middlemen merchant middlemen wholesaler

final consumer

A _____ is an agreement between two or more countries to reduce or eliminate customs duties and nontariff trade barriers among partner countries while members maintain individual tariff schedules for external countries. free trade area (FTA) regional cooperation for development (RCD) customs union common market political union

free trade area (FTA)

A name, term, sign, symbol, design, or combination used worldwide to identify goods or services of one seller and to differentiate them from those of competitors is called a(n) _____. owner's mark trademark brand's equity position global brand copymark

global brand

Dynamic economies differ from static economies in that dynamic economies: have rigid consumption patterns. do not require the marketer to be prepared for economic shifts and emerging markets. need not match marketing efforts with the market needs and wants. have rapidly changing consumption patterns. define marketing as typically nothing more than a supply effort.

have rapidly changing consumption patterns.

On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to be: Mexico fragmented. secular. hierarchical. flat in organization.

hierarchical.

Wayne is working at the overseas branch of his organization. He needs some clarification about a project. He approaches a senior manager thinking he would get a good explanation. However, he is instructed to follow protocol and sent away. Also, he is informed that only team leads are allowed to approach senior managers. This implies that the organization has a ______ score. high Uncertainty Avoidance Index low Power Distance Index high Power Distance Index low Individualism/Collective Index high Individualism/Collective Index

high Power Distance Index

The fundamental difference between quotas and import licenses is that: quotas impose specific limitations on trade and import licenses take care of standards. quotas are imposed on export goods and import licenses are imposed on import goods. import licenses have greater flexibility than quotas. for quotas the exporting country sets the limits but licenses are issued by the importing country. unlike licenses, quotas limit quantities on a case-by-case basis.

import licenses have greater flexibility than quotas.

In the context of evaluating and controlling sales representative, the primary control tool used by American sales managers is the: threat of termination. incentive system. attraction of a foreign assignment. threat of foreign postings. quota system.

incentive system.

Juliet is concerned with the potential for political harassment when her company enters a new international market. To reduce the risk of political harassment, she will consider using _____ to enter the market. joint ventures sole-proprietorships externally produced products foreign technology a smaller investment base

joint ventures

In countries like Japan, a sales force is likely to be most effective if it consists mostly of: local nationals. virtual expatriates. third world nationals. expatriates from Asian countries. professional expatriates.

local nationals.

Adherence to the WTO means: loss of national security to a large extent. limited scope for foreign direct investments. procurement of economies of scale. more avenues for outsourcing. loss of some degree of national sovereignty.

loss of some degree of national sovereignty.

The World Trade Organization is wholly dedicated to ____. the expansion of capitalism the elimination of language barriers in trade free and open national borders the enforcement of international anti-bribery laws making trade among nations more efficient

making trade among nations more efficient

A _____ provides a selling service for a manufacturer, has a short-term relationship, and operates on a straight commission basis. manufacturers' retail store manufacturer's export agent trading company complementary marketer global retailer

manufacturer's export agent

Eastern Europe and the Baltic states, satellite nations of the former Soviet Union, have moved steadily toward establishing postcommunist market reforms. This implies that: all of these countries have made the same progress. all of the eastern European countries can be viewed as one entity. all of these countries have had the same success in economic reform and growth. new business opportunities emerge in this region. the region is against establishing free markets.

new business opportunities emerge in this region.

Integrated marketing communications are composed of all of the following EXCEPT: public relations. sales promotions. advertising. political rallying. trade shows.

political rallying.

An especially effective promotional tool when a product concept is new or has a very small market share is known as _____. contests product tie-ins sponsorship product sampling sweepstakes

product sampling

Creating good relationships with the popular press and other media to help companies communicate messages to their publics-customers, the general public, and governmental regulators-is the role of _____. direct selling public relations sales promotion personal selling trade shows

public relations

A specific unit or dollar limit applied to a particular type of good is called a(n): quota. trade license. asterisk bill. predatory price. exchange rate.

quota.

The most basic economic integration and cooperation is the: common market. customs union. political union. free trade area (FTA). regional cooperation for development (RCD).

regional cooperation for development (RCD).

In the United States, unrelated individuals keep a certain physical distance between themselves and others when talking or in groups. Americans do not consciously think about that distance; they just know what feels right without thinking. Someone from another culture would not necessarily understand this and would apply their rules for contact when speaking. The preceding is an illustration of what is called applying a _____ when reviewing the mentioned social custom of contact. segregation principle integration criterion self-space principle self-reference criterion space command criterion

self-reference criterion

The primary obstacles to success in international marketing are a person's _____ and an associated ethnocentrism. self-reference criterion effort at adaptation regionalism effort at integration holism

self-reference criterion

Mike grew up learning a great deal about his culture from his school, the church, the mass media, and his family. This kind of learning of culture is called: adaptation. emancipation. naturalization. acculturation. socialization.

socialization.

A tax imposed by a government on goods entering at its borders is most accurately termed as a(n) _____. tariff asterisk bill quota boycott writ

tariff

Japanese sales representatives are most satisfied with their jobs when: their technological knowledge is superior to that of others. they receive high salaries and many perks. they are better educated than their colleagues. their values are consistent with those of their company. they do not have to travel too much.

their values are consistent with those of their company.

All of the following are traits of big emerging markets (BEMs) EXCEPT: they are regional economic drivers. they are all physically large. they import less than smaller markets. they are of major political importance within their regions. they have significant populations.

they import less than smaller markets.

In _____ decision making, participation by middle management tends to be deemphasized. non-hierarchical democratic decentralized committee top-level management decentralized

top-level management

With respect to the environment in which a business operates, factors such as competition, political and legal forces, economic climate, would all be classified as: predictable elements. uncontrollable elements. cultural elements. demographic elements. controllable elements.

uncontrollable elements.