interpersonal communication
Phatic communication
"small talk" that opens the way for " big talk"
Upward communication
*upward- consists of messages set from the lower levels of hierarchy to the upper levels.
communication competence
1) your knowledge and understanding of how communication works. 2) your ability to use communication effectively.
Self- disclosure
A type of communication in which you reveal information about yourself.
Individualism- collectivism as it relates to culture
Culture's emphasis on the importance of the individual or of the group.
Computer mediated communication
Is a general term that includes all forms of communication between people that take place through some kind of computer
Intrapersonal communication
Is the communication you have with yourself- when you talk with, learn about, and judge yourself.
Perception- define and know steps in order
Is your way of understanding the world it helps you make sense of what psychologist call " booming buzzing confusion." (1) you sense or pick up some kind of stimulation; 20 you organize the stimuli in some way; 3) you interpret and evaluate what you perceive; 4) you store your perception in memory; and 5) you retrieve it when needed.
Interpersonal communication
Occurs when you interact with a person you have some kind of relationship; it can take place face to face as well as through electronic channels ( email, text messages) or more traditional a written letter.
Johari Window- Open self
Represents all the information, behaviors, attitudes, and feelings about yourself that you and also others, know.
perception process
Rules sulumat script
Credibility
a perception by other of your competence, character, and charisma.
Attribution
a process by which you focus on explaining why someone behaved as he or she did.
Paraphrase
a restatement of another's message in your own words.
hidden self
all the knowledge you have of yourself but you keep secret from others
Downward communication
consists of messages sent from higher levels to the lower levels of the hierarchy.
culture
consists of the beliefs, ways of behaving, and artifacts of a group. is transmitted through communication and learning rather then genes.
active listening
helps you check your perception of what the speaker said, and more importantly, what they mean.
Communication is...
irreversible, unrepeatable, inevitable
Stereotype
is a fixed impression of a group of people.
Meta message
is a message that refers to another message; it is communication about communication
Self- fulfilling prophecy
is a prediction that comes true because you act on it as if it were true.
Ethnocentrism
is an extreme ethnics identity; its the tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own cultural filters, often as distortions of your own behaviors.
Nonverbal communication
is communication without words
Physiological noise
is created by barriers within the sender and receiver and would included vision impairment, hearing loss, memory loss..
Physical noise
is interference that is external to both speaker and listener, parking cars humming computers, pop up ads, blurred words..
Semantic noise
is interference that occurs when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems; it would include language or dialectical difference or complex terms
empathy listening
is to feel the way others feel to see the world as they do.
6 types of power
legitimate power referent power reward power coercive power expert power information power
articfactual messages
messages conveyed through the wearing and arrangement of various artifacts
Grapevine communication
messages don't follow any of the formal hierarchical lines of communication established in an organization.
regulators
monitor, maintain, or control speech of another
objective adapters
movement that involves manipulation of come object such as punching holes drawing, clicking a pen, or chewing on a pencil
self adapters
movement that satisfy physical need, especially to make you more comfortable, scratching an itchy spot, moistening you dry lips, pushing hair out of your face
Fundamental attribution error
occurs when you overvalue the contribution of internal factors and undervalue the influence of external factors.
Globbedygook
overly complex language that overwhelms the listener instead of communicating meaning.
Unknown self
parts of yourself that neither you or others know.
4 context of communication
physical, cultural, social-psychological, temporal
5 stages of model listening
receiving understanding remembering evaluating responding
psychological noise
refers to mental interference in the speaker of listener and includes preconceived ideas,wandering thoughts, close mindedness, and extreme emotionalism
Lateral communication
refers to messages between equals manager to manager, worker to worker.
dimension of communication
relational content
Blind self
represents knowledge about you that others have but you don't
Linear view of human communication
the speaker speaks and the listener listens
olfactics
the study of communication by smell
haptics
the study of communication by touch
chronemic
the study of communication nature of time- the way we treat time and use it to communicate
proxemics
the study of communicative function of space and of how people unconsciously structure their space the distance between people in their interactions
para-language & silence
the vocal but nonverbal aspect of speech. silence is the absence of vocal communication often mistaken that their is no communication at all
Primacy effect
to come first and exerts the most influence
Recenct effect
to come last of be most recent and exerts the most influence
Overattribution
to single out one or two obvious characteristics of a person attribute everything that person does to these characteristics.
objective listening
to think more logically about the situation.
dimensions of culture
ucertuinty avoidance mosculinity femininity power distance individualism- collectivism high/low context indulgence & restraint long & short term orientation
inactive listening
worries more about the persons content then their feelings.
selective attention
you attend to those things that you anticipate will fulfill your needs or will prove enjoyable.
selective Exposure
you tend to expose yourself to information that will confirm your existing beliefs, will contribute to your objectives, of will prove satisfying in some way.