Intro to Bus MGT1 Book Questions 11-
Supreme court considers that sexual behavior which is ____ and would offend a reasonable person is considered to be hostile environment sexual harassment
unwelcome
job simulation
use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks so that trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job. used for astronauts, pilots and ship captains.
when firms try to make product appear less expensive than it really is by the price points they sell
psychological pricing
When a submission to unwelcome sexual advances is a condition of employment
quid pro quo sexual harassment
With low competition, firms can use a skimming price strategy
recovers research and development costs and makes as much profit as possible
fringe benefits that may provide incentives other than pay include
recreation facilities, country club memberships and/or company cars
Set of acitivities used ot obtain sufficieint nymber of right employees at right time is
recruitment
If a supervisor offers an employee a pay raise in exchange for going out on a date
sexual harassment
THE NLRB is authorized to investigate and remedy
unfair labor practices
employment doctrine in the US known as "employment at will" meant that employers had as much freedom to fire an employee as the employee had to leave voluntarily. that situation has changed because workers today are
protected by whistleblower laws and anti-discrimination laws
skill-based pay
rewards growth of both individual and the team
If a union tried to initiate a boycott of a supermarket that carries Yummy Applesauce because they had a labor dispute with the canning company that produces Yummy products, it would be an illegal
secondary boycott
when a rack jobber retains title to the goods until they are sold and share profits with retailer, the jobber is
selling on consignment
cash-and-carry wholesalers
serve mostly smaller retailers with a limited assortment of products
Which type of utility provides fast, friendly assistance during and after a sale, as well as ofering training in product usage over time?
service
drop shippers
solicit orders from retailers and other wholesalers and have the merchandise shipped directly from a producer to a buyer
firms that distribute products nationally which are also known as manugacturers' brands
sony, xerox, dell
consumer products with unique characteristics and brand identity
specialty goods
when consumers look at all of benefits of product and subtract all costs related to its purchase
they are calculating value of the product
everything that consumers evaluate when deciding whether to buy something is referred to as the
total product offer
A brand that has exclusive legal protection for both its brand name and its design
trademark
apprentice program
trainee works alongside experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft
Vestibule training
training done in classrooms where employees are taught on equipment similar to that used on the job
actions companies can take to reduce complaints of sexual harassment
training employees about what sexual harassment means
An employee organization whose main goal is representing its members in employee-management negotiation of job-related issues
union
Unions are at crossroads bc
union membership has dropped due to the loss of manufacturing jobs
open shop agreement
union membership is voluntary for new and existing emplyoees. those who dont join the union dont have to pay union dues. few union contracts are this type.
clause included in many union contracts that requires those benefitting from the union to pay dues
union secuirty clause
industrial unions
unskilled, semiskilled, and skilled workers in an industry, mass-production industries
Hay Pay system
uses a tiered system of pay ranges based on know-how, problem solving and accountability
when levels of production change so do
variable
stock options
Right to purchase stock at a fixed price in the future. often gives employees right to buy stock cheaply despite huge increases in price of stock.
products to new markets is an ongoing process for marketers wishing to compete successfully
adapting
marketing intermediaries who never take title to the goods they handle are
agents, brokers
dealer brand
aka private label, distributor brand, house brand
most widely used drug in the workplace; accounts for 40% of injuries and fatalities in the workplace
alcohol
since different stages of the product life cycle experience differing levels of sales and profits, marketers able to
alter marketing mix anticipate future market developments alter marketing strategies
the linking of a brand to other favorable images
brand association
How quickly or easily a given brand name comes to mind when a product category is mentioned refers to
brand awareness
value of brand name and associated symbols is referred to as
brand equity
products that do not carry the manufacturer's name, but carry distributor or retailer name are called
dealer brands or private-label brands
Tasks apart of a job analysis
discussing job with the manager AND observing current employees on the job. study of what employees do who hold various job titles.
which of the following are industrial goods
drill press computer servers
a wholesaler who would most likely arrange
drop shippers
well planned job application should ask for info about
educational background career objectives work experience
online training
employee completes classes via Internet
workplace violence is
greatest cause of women's death in the workplace. responsible for 19% of women's workplace deaths.
charge by employees that management is not abiding by terms of contract
grievance
when employees bring a charge that management is nto following provisions of the labor contract
grievance
overtime rules and job assignments are frequently sources of employee
grievances against management
benefit desired by most employees, but whose costs have risen dramatically is
health care
setting prices that are higher than everyday low price stores and then having special sales that lower the prices to below competitiors' prices
high-low pricing
according to supreme court, sexual behavior that is unwelcome and offensive to a reasonable person is considered
hostile environment sexual harassment
repeatedly telling dirty jokes at work, after another worker asks you to stop is
hostile environment sexual harassment
yellow-dog contract
illegal agreement employers made their workers sign this contract saying that they wouldn't join labor unions
between 1990 and 2030, number of people who are over 65 is expected to
increase
products sold in the business to business (B2B) market
industrial goods
When a court issues an order to do or not do a specific activity
injunction
Older worker benefit protection act of 1990
protects older workers from discrimination and signing away pension benefits
CIO
-auto workers, mine workers -John Lewis of United Mineworkers Union
among the benefits won by organized labor are
-child labor and safety laws -minimum wage laws -workers compensation for disability
Effects of prolonged strike often include
-continued open hostility between labor and management -mutual complaints of violations of the contract
employees and public are frustrated by high levels of executive compensation because
-executives use company money for luxury "perks" -difference btwn pay of executives and that of average worker is too large -top level executives often rewarded whether or not company is successful
unions negotiate to include a union security clause in contracts because
-it provides funds to support union activities such as negotiations and grievances -encourages workers to join unions as members -all workers represented by the union receive the same benefits as paying union members
In the future, unions will be different than when most members were in heavy manufacturing because
-labor and management must work together to be competitive -workforce will be more diverse -workers are in the service industries
companies often outsource admin of fringe benefit plans because
-laws in other countries require specific knowledge of benefits there -plans are more complex and have more choices -it costs less
Labor unions today are at a crossroads because
-many union members were in the heavy manufacturing -jobs have shifted from manufacturing to service sector -workers are more educated
during the 1930s, labor unions won right to
-organize and join unions in interstate commerce industries -minimum wage for workers
set process for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers, according to American Marketing Association
marketing
right to form a labor union did not exist until
Wagner Act and National Labor Relations act in early 1930s
probationary period
a period of time at the beginning of a police officer's career during which she or he may be fired without cause -let new employee prove value -make it easier to terminate employee who isn't performing well -reduce probability of legal action by employee
union shop agreement
majority of labor agreements are of this type. employer can hire anyone, but as a condiiton of employment, employees hired must join the union to keep this jobs
unsought goods and services
car towing burial services
when a firm serves mostly smaller businesses who came in to the pick up a few items, pay for them, and take them, they are likely
cash-and-carry wholesalers
Both men and women are protected from sexual harassment by
civil rights act of 1991
product line
coke, diet coke, vanilla coke, coke with lemon
process through which representatives of labor and management negotiate a contract
collective bargaining
promoting product to distributors and retailers to get wide distribution
commercialization
idea that people in jobs requiring similar level of education, training, skills should receive equal pay
comparable worth or pay equity
setting price at, above or below competitiors based on what they are doing is pricing strategy
competition-based pricing
get a feel for profitability of new product ideas
concept testing
type of consumer/products
convenience (milk), shopping (wash machine), specialty (orthodontist), unsought (burial service)
companies are outsourcing the administration of benefit programs because the _____ of these programs has accelerated
costs and complexity
Workers use picketing in a labor dispute to
create attention and sympathy for their cause
flextime plan
gives employees some freedom to choose whcih hours to work, as long as they work required number of hours of complete assigned tasks. allows employees to adjust to work-life demands. two-parent income families find them especially helpful. boosts productivity and morale.
agency shop agreement
employers may hire anyone. employees need not joiin the union, but are required to pay a union fee. small percentage of labor agreements are this type.
bonus plans
extra pay for accomplishing or surpassing certain objectives. there are two types of bonuses: monetary and cashless. money is always welcome. cashless includes written thank yous, appreciation notes sent to families, movie tickets, flowers, time off, gift certificates, shop sprees and other types of recognition
Salary pay system
fixed compensation computed on weekly, biweekly or monthly pay periods. salaried employees do not receive additional pay for any work
regardless of number of products made,
fixed costs are those expenses that remain the same
Rack jobbers
furnish the racks or shelves that display merchandise in retail stores, perform all channel functions, and sell on consignment to retailers, which means they retain the title to the products displayed and bill retailers only for the merchandise sold; sharing profits with the retailer when goods are sold
Knights labor
gain political power establish 1st national labor union
which compensation systems listed are likely to be effective in building cohesive teams
gain sharing and skill based pay
Name for a whole product category
generic
non-branded product that usually sells at sizable discount compared to other brands
generic goods
convenience goods such as candy and milk require. puts products into as many retail outlets as possible, including vending machines
intensive distribution strategy
Stages of production life cycle
introduction, growth, maturity, decline
negotiated labor management agreement that clarifies the terms and conditions under which management and a union will operate for a specified period
labor contract
variable costs in break-even analysis
labor used in making product & raw materials
public employees are legally unable to strike. in order to draw attention to an impasse in negotiations
large numbers may call in sick at the same time
employees moving over to a new job or position rather than higher level with more pay are experiencing a ________ transfer in their job
lateral
Job sharing
lets two or more part-time employees share one full-time job -employmenet opportunities for those who cannot or prefer not to work full time -enthusiastic and productive workforce -reduced absenteeism and tardiness -ability to schedule part time workers into peak demand periods -retention of experienced employees who might otherwise have retired Xneed to hire, train, motivate and supervise at least twice as many people and prorate some fringe benefits
When a management use a ____ during a labor dispute, workers are not able to work and so do not receive pay
lockout
accelerating cost of administering benefits programs has led to
many organizations outsourcing that function
important to plan and prepare all interviewers for interview because
missteps and illegal questions can lead to lawsuits based on anti-discrimination laws
craft union
organization of skilled specialists in a particular craft or trade
the activity that initiates new employees into the organization, it's policies and procedures, and its objectives
orientation training
commission plans
pay based on some percentage of sales. often used to compensate salespeople, commission plans resemble piecework systems
low intitial entry price, often lower than eventual market price, to attract many customers and discourage competition
penetration strategy
core time
period when all employees expected to be at job stations
one firm sets pricing for all competitors in industry
price leadership
When organized labor encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the goods or services of a firm in a labor dispute, it is:
primary boycott
networking
process of establishing and maintaining contacts in and outside the organization
selection
process of gathering info and deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, to serve the best interests of individual and organization. 1)Obtaining complete application forms 2) Conducting initial and follow-up interviews 3) Giving employment tests 4) Conducting background investigations 5) Obtaining results from physical exams 6) Establishing trial periods
exclusive distribution
producers are ensured of quality sales and service
tangible
product and package
intangible
product image and company reputation
theoretical model of what happens to sales and profits for a product class over time
product life cycle
companies rarely sell one product, but offer a _
product line
group of products that are physically similar or intended for similar market
product line
combination of product lines offered by manufacturer are called
product mix
When workers stop production by refusing to work, it is a union strategy aka
strike
Workers hired to replace those on strike until a labor dispute is resolved
strikebreakers
closed shop
taft-hartley act made this form of agreement illegal. employers could hire only current union members for a job
Lost training costs is a factor in
terminating employee
hourly wage or daywork
wage based on number of hours or days worked, used for most blue-collar and clerical workers. often employees much punch a time clock when they arrive at work and when they leave. hourly wages vary greatly. the federal minimum is $7.25, and top wages go as high as $40 per hour or more for skilled craftspeople. this does not include benefits such as retirement systems, which may add 30 percent or more to total package
piecework system
wage based on the number of items produced rather than by the hour or the day. this type of system creates powerful incentives to work efficiently and productively
the cost of benefits has grown faster than ___ recently and cannot really be considered fringe anymore
wages
law required employers to meet reasonable times and bargain good faith concerning issues such as wages hours conditions and established national labor relations board
wagner act
frequent source of employee grievances is
work assingmnets
Purpose of a strike is
-reduce or stop production during a labor dispute -create a loss of income for the company in a labor dispute -attract public attention to an impasse in a labor dispute
job description specifies
-responsibilities and duties of job -objectives -job relation to other fucntions
Criteria the supreme court recognizes for hostile environment sexual harassment include
-unwelcome sexual behavior -behavior offensive to a reasonable person
Performance appraisal
1) Establishing performance standards 2) Communicating those standards (employees must be told precisely the expectations) 3) Evaluating performance 4) Discussing results with employees 5) Taking corrective action 6) Use results to make decisions about promotions, compensation, training or firing, as well as a way to satisfying legal requirements
training and devleopment
1)Assess organization needs and employees skills for training gaps 2) design training activities to meet identified needs 3) evaluate training effectiveness
Human Resource
1)Preparing a human resource inventory of organization's employees 2) Preparing job analysis (job description--person-- & specifications--duties--) 3) Assessing future human resource demand 4) Assessing future labor supply 5) Establishing strategic plan
by 2040, number of americans over ___ is expected to increase to 80 million
65
profit-sharing plans
annual bonuses paid to employees based on the company's profits. amount paid to each employee is based on predetermined percentage. profit sharing is one of the most common forms of performance-based pay
bringing is an impartial third party to render a binding decision in a labor dispute
arbiration
on-the-job training
at the workplace that lets the employee learn by doing or watching others for a while and then imitating them. easiest kind to implement when job is relatively simple and repetitive.
product mix
atm machine, online banking, safe deposit box, savings accounts
secondary boycott
attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a firm that is the subject of a primary boycott; prohibited by the Taft-Harley Act
lockout
attempt by management to put pressure on unions by temporarily closing the business
example of shopping goods
automobiles, dishwashers
range of options each party will consider btwn initial and final offers made in a negotiation
bargaining zone
fringe benefits
benefits that include sick-leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that provide additional compensation to employees beyond base wages. (life insurance too). a fringe benefit that provides for income beyond retirement is a pension plan
gain-sharing systems
bonuses on improvements over previous performance. drawback is workers may improve just enough to meet specific target, but not much.
name, symbol, or design that identifies goods or services of one seller or group of sellers
brand
when the consumer will not accept a substitute for particular product, the consumer has developed
brand insistence
when consumers are satisfied with a product, like the brand, and are committed to further purchases, a company has achieved a certain degree of
brand loyalty
primary function of agents and brokers
bring buyers and sellers together assist in negotiating any exchange
actions by one or more people that prevent another worker from doing their job
bullying
grouping two or more products together and pricing them as a unit
bundling
Contigent workers
include part time workers (less than 34 hours per week), temporary workers, seasonal workers, independent contractors, interns, co-op students and freelancers. Receive few benefits; rarely offered health insurance, vacation, or company pension. tend to earn less than permanent workers do. Many on temporary assignments eventually offered full-time. Increasing numbers are educated professionals such as accountants, attorneys and engineers. Advantage of hiring is that they receive fewer benefits and reduce costs.
labor organization of unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass production industries
industrial union
critics of organized labor today believe that unions are no longer needed because
inhuman conditions no longer exist and the legal system protects workers
a corporate manager who supervises, coaches, and guides selected lower-level employees by acting as their organizational sponsor is acting as a
mentor
which type wholesaler is an independently owned firm that takes title to the goods it handles?
merchant wholesalers
