Intro to Business Test 3

While planning a new product launch, Cassandra knew that the art department was ready to work on the promotional pieces right away. But they are not able to start until the strategy group established the price point and the purchasing group obtained the paper needed to make the promotional piece. Establishing price points would take about a week and was dependent on manufacturing getting the costs to the strategy group. This was expected a week from today. The purchasing group indicated the paper could be obtained locally the same day it was requested. Based on this information and assuming things go according to plan, when will the art department be able to begin work on the promotional pieces?

2 weeks

Managers at Bigbux Bank get a performance appraisal once a year. Bigbux uses an evaluation process that provides feedback about performance not only from superiors but also from subordinates and other managers at the same level. This type of evaluation is known as a(n)

360-degree review.

Which of the following statements about the impact of CAD/CAM on manufacturing is most accurate?

CAD/CAM has made it possible to produce custom-designed products with little increase in costs.

__________ is the process by which a union becomes recognized by the National Labor Relations Board as the bargaining agent for a group of employees.

Certification

________ means acting as a resource to a subordinate by teaching, guiding, and making recommendations, without actively doing any of the subordinate's work.

Coaching

_____________ is the process by which representatives of a union meet with representatives of management to negotiate a contract for workers.

Collective bargaining

The management at an auto manufacturer planned to terminate production due to labor issues that were consuming most of the profits. For years, the strong union at this facility did some tough negotiating with the company's corporate headquarters. In a companywide vote, employees agreed to walk away from union membership in order to keep the factory open and save their jobs. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) agreed that it was in the best interest of the employees. ______________ was started to take away the rights of union representation at the factory.

Decertification

____________ introduces new employees to the organization, their fellow workers, their supervisors, and to the policies, practices, and objectives of the firm.

Employee orientation

__________ is the physical arrangement of resources in the production process.

Facility layout

____________ is based on the notion that setting ambitious but attainable goals will improve motivation and performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions.

Goal-setting theory

_____________ is the process of evaluating human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals.

Human resource management

________ emphasizes motivating the worker through the characteristics of the job itself.

Job enrichment

________ is a system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle managers, supervisors, and employees.

Management by objectives

___________ is the process of training and educating employees to become good managers and then developing their managerial skills over time.

Management development

______________ means tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers.

Mass customization

___________ is the use of a third party to encourage labor and management to continue negotiating in an effort to settle a labor dispute or achieve a mutually acceptable labor-management agreement.

Mediation

Sean believes that management is treating him unfairly because of his efforts to organize a vote for union representation. Which organization should he contact to report his concerns?

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

__________ is the process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in one's own organization and in other organizations, and using those contacts to establish strong relationships that serve as informal development systems.

Networking

Which of the following statements about operations management in the service sector is most accurate?

Operations management in the service sector should focus on providing customers with a good experience.

__________ is the creation of goods and services using land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge.

Production

_________ is the set of activities for obtaining the right number of people at the right time in order to select those who best meet the needs of the organization.

Recruitment

____________ refers to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other unsolicited conduct of a sexual nature.

Sexual harassment

Evan, a manager at a department store, believes most of his subordinates dislike work and would avoid it if possible. He also believes that his employees have little, if any, ambition, and that the only way to motivate them is by using threats and punishment. Evan's views are consistent with ___________ management.

Theory X

While Cindy, a current psychology major, worked frantically at her part-time job at Ragtime Resale preparing for the regional manager's visit in a few days, her department manager, Lucinda, had an interesting word with her: "Don't worry Cindy, when I first started, I made $9.25 an hour too. It gets better!" Cindy shook her head as she reflected on how little Lucinda knew about what motivated her to seek perfection at this job. As she continued to neatly stack those pocket tees, she thought, "If the regional manager has the same attitude as Lucinda, I'm looking for another job." Cindy would prefer to work with a ___________ manager.

Theory Y

In Silicon Valley, California, it is not unusual for highly skilled employees to stay at one company for about three years. These specialized employees have a mind-set for rapid promotion. They believe that they have only themselves to blame if these high goals are not met. William Ouchi would categorize the management style that these employees operate under as

Type A

Under ________, workers are not required to join the union, but those who do not join are still required to pay a union fee or regular dues to the union.

agency shop agreements

A grievance is

an employee's perception that management has not in some way fulfilled a labor contract agreement.

In a(n) ______________ an inexperienced worker learns by working alongside an experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft.

apprenticeship program

As new parents, Sean and Molly applied for family medical leave to care for their new infant son. According to U.S. law, Sean and Molly

are not paid during the 12-week period that each elects to take.

A _________________ is a check of a potential employee's work record, academic record, credit history, and recommendations.

background investigation

Labor unions and management hope to resolve issues through collective bargaining. Each side comes to the table with a range of options they are willing to consider, some more appealing than others. All options that each will consider fall within the _________________.

bargaining zone.

According to Maslow, a higher-order need

becomes a source of motivation after lower-order needs are satisfied.

Operations management is a specialized area in management that converts resources into

both goods and services.

A fringe benefit plan where employees choose the package of benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount is called a __________ plan.

cafeteria-style

Salespeople often are paid a _______ based on a percentage of their sales.

commission

A production process characterized by long production runs to turn out finished goods over time is known as a(n)

continuous process

A job ___________ is a statement that identifies the objectives of a job, the type of work to be done, the responsibilities and duties that are associated with the job, the working conditions, and the relationship of the job to other functions.

description

A major characteristic of a compressed workweek is that

employees work fewer days each week, but work more hours each workday.

The _______________ doctrine states that employers have as much right to fire workers as the workers have to leave the company voluntarily.

employment at will

ERP is the acronym for

enterprise resource planning

Rewards that come from someone else in recognition of good work are _________ rewards.

extrinsic

The characteristic of work that is concerned with the amount of direct and clear information employees receive about performance is called

feedback

One strategy unions must adopt in order to grow in the future is to

find ways to appeal to white-collar, female, and foreign-born workers.

In __________, machines are designed to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products.

flexible manufacturing

When workers go on strike, management is often compelled to keep the business operation running. If it is unable to achieve this on its own, management may

hire strikebreakers.

Harassment that creates an intimidating or offensive work environment falls under the type of sexual harassment known as a(n)

hostile work environment.

Maslow was mainly concerned with explaining how

human motivation was related to a hierarchy of needs.

The purpose of determining the critical path on a PERT network is to

identify the sequence of tasks that takes the longest to complete.

According to Herzberg, a sense of achievement, earned recognition, and interest in the work itself were all

important motivators.

A company becomes lean by _________ its capacity to produce high-quality goods, while ___________ its need for resources.

increasing; decreasing

A production process characterized by a short production run and frequent adjustments to machines so that different products can be produced is known as a(n)

intermittent process

The personal satisfaction people feel when they have done a job well is a(n) __________ reward.

intrinsic

Herzberg found that factors that provided the highest level of motivation were mostly associated with

job content.

With the __________ inventory control system, producers hold only the amount of materials and parts that they need for a short period of time, sometimes just a few hours.

just-in-time (JIT)

Critics of labor unions argue that unions are no longer needed to protect workers from abusive and unfair treatment because

laws and modern management attitudes minimize the possibility of unsafe working conditions and unfair treatment of workers found in earlier eras.

In the past, the idea behind mass production was to

make large quantities of a limited variety of products at very low cost.

MRP is a technique that helps managers

make sure that the right parts and materials are available at the right time.

Both PERT diagrams and Gantt charts are useful to managers concerned with

making sure that projects are completed on time.

Patty recently began working in an entry-level management position. She has already shown great promise, so the company has decided to groom her for an upper-level position. Constance, one of the more senior women managers in the company, has agreed to help Patty by introducing her to the right people, and by providing her with the guidance and advice she needs to be successful within the firm. Constance is acting as Patty's

mentor

Labor unions were largely responsible for

minimum wage laws and laws against child labor.

The major benefit of open communication in a company setting is

motivated employees.

The primary purpose of collective bargaining is to

negotiate a labor-management agreement that both the union and management are willing to accept.

Cassandra was planning a new product launch. She knew that the art department was ready to work on the promotional pieces now, but they couldn't start until the marketing strategy group established the price point and the purchasing department obtained the paper needed to design the promotional piece. Establishing price points would take about a week and was dependent on manufacturing getting the costs to the marketing strategy group. This was expected a week from today. The purchasing group indicated the paper could be obtained locally the same day it was requested. Assuming things go as planned and based on this information, which of the following tasks could be as much as a week late without jeopardizing the deadline for the entire project?

obtaining the paper

With the advent of more sophisticated technology, employers who operate locally and globally and want all employees to receive the same training may opt for

online training programs.

According to Herzberg, the difference between motivators and hygiene factors is

overall, motivators relate to greater job satisfaction, while hygiene factors make the work place a satisfying place to thrive.

Maslow classified the needs for basic items such as food, water, and shelter as

physiological needs.

Seamus dropped out of school as a 16-year-old and needs to support himself, though he has few skills. He is a part-time employee at a department store earning minimum wage. Seamus wants to earn more, but hasn't been able to find a better job since he is without the right qualifications. He is having a hard time paying his rent and his mounting bills. He even started to skip breakfast to save on food costs. Seamus is having trouble meeting his

physiological needs.

When union members who have a dispute with a company walk around outside the firm's place of business carrying signs and talking to the media and public about their concerns, they are using a tactic known as

picketing.

Two advantages of using ___________ to fill open positions are: (1) it improves the morale of current employees, and (2) the person filling the position is already familiar with the organization's culture and procedures.

promotions from within

Firms that have a goal of ____________ tend to locate facilities with access to major highways, ports, railways, and airports.

reducing time to market

Cyrus has a good job and can afford an apartment with comfortable furniture and plenty of food. But because of political unrest and street violence in his town, he is considering uprooting himself and applying for a visa to move to another country. According to Maslow, Cyrus' concern reflects a desire to satisfy his

safety needs.

Wayne is a supervisor at a small manufacturing plant. His pay starts at $635 per week. Wayne is paid on a(n)

salary pay system.

Two of the most important tactics used by unions when collective bargaining efforts break down are

strikes and boycotts.

Motivational formulas are

tailored to the individual.

An important U.S. government organization charged with setting human resource management guidelines is

the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission).

The basic reason the term operations management is favored over the term production management is that

the United States is now largely driven by services rather than manufacturing.

The purpose of the earliest recognized labor unions in the U.S. was

to achieve some short-range goals and then disband.

Unions were originally formed

to seek protection against unfair treatment.

The purpose of ____________ is to increase an employee's ability to perform productively.

training and development

In a(n) __________ shop, workers do not have to belong to a union before they are hired, but they must join a union within a specified period (usually 30, 60, or 90 days) in order to keep their job.

union