Intro to funeral service final exam

The circle of necessity is a _____ year long journey of the soul around the______. 3,000; sun 1,000, moon 3, sun 3, moon

3,000; sun

Monks were bled from their crowns ____ times per year

5

In London, during the year of 1665, ___ deaths occured

68, 596

Long pleated face mask worn by widow?

Barbe

The greek word for coffin (kofinos) means:

Basket

The 14th century plaque in England was known as:

Black Death

pope _________ outlawed the practice that cut bodies up and boiled Them:

Boniface III

what act said that woolen cloth should be substituted for linen?

Burial in Woolen Act

What belief made hebrews believe that all were equal in death:

Christian beliefs

The first Christian emperor of Rome, who made laws that limited spending in regards to funerals was: Question options: Constantine Caesar Octavius Osiris

Constantine

Who was one of the first known embalmers with today's methods (he embalmed the wife of Martin Van Butcher)?

Dr. John Hunter

Which Scottish anatomist was one of the first to lecture on arterial and cavity embalming for the purpose of burial?

Dr. William Hunter

Who wrote the "Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population of Great Britain"?

Edwin Chadwick

_________ was hired to investigate living conditions

Edwin Chadwick

The union of the soul with the cult God, for Greeks took pace in the: Elysian Fields the sun the center of the earth the heavens

Elysian Fields

The peak of heraldry and pomp was depicted in the--

Feudal Funeral

Which dutch professor devised the first technique for arterial embalming?

Frederick Ruysch

Scandanavians practiced cremation in order to:

Free the spirit from the body

Which culture saw death as one of the harsher elements of mankind? Question options: The Egyptians Greeks Romans Hebrews

Greeks

the first culture to adopt cremation was: romans greeks chinese egyptians

Greeks

Lamenation was important rite for which culture?

Hebrew

Which culture placed poor in a shallow trench and mounded dirt on top of them?

Hebrew

The canopic jars have heads that represent the children of ________. Re Osiris Horus Apollo

Horus

American funeral behavior was influenced by everything EXCEPT: early Christian behavior Islamic tradition Hebrew religion and ethical concepts pagan views of death

NOT EARLY CHRISTIAN BEHAVIOR

Who laid out the Hebrew body? men in the community women in the community family the priest

Not the Family

The Egyptian sun god is: Ba Zeus Sol Ra

Ra

As a mourning customs, Hebrews would often: Question options: rent (tear) their garments jump on the funeral fire (suttee) wail for twenty-four hours bathe for one hour

Rent (tear) their garments

Which culture had a ritual called "conclamatio Mortis"- or calling out of the dead? Egyptian Roman Hebrew South America

Roman

Cremation began during the Bronze Age in _____?

Scandinavia

Another name for Barber-Surgeon is?

Surgeons of the short robe

Preparation of the body for the Greeks was typically done by: Question options: clergy the Kher-heb the family members the city officials

The family members

Osiris is the Egyptian God of... The sun the underworld the moon food and drink

The underworld

the wake served the secondary function of

a feast to welcome the principle heir to the new estate

these monks who began to embalm were known as:

barber-surgeons

the generally approved mourning color today is

black

Early christian funerals were carried out by:

brethren of the dead

To assist with high funeral costs, ______ were formed:

burial clubs

After plague deaths filled cemeteries, London Began:

burying in trenches

the rich hebrews were often placed in:

caves

the disease that presented a big threat in the 1830s in England was

cholera

in rome, the rise of _____ decreased the popularity of cremation. the middle class mystic cults christianity islamic belief

christianity

Sprinkling dirt on the corpse is a tradition from the:

church of England

Churches began to face problems of

disease and space shortage

which group limited the procession to corpse bearers family and friends?

early christians

while not practiced often _________, embalming practices were not lost during the middle ages

egyptian

Chadwick recommended that a medical officer should do what before burial:

figure the cause of death

BEGINNING OF CHAPTER TWO Early Hebrews said that man is composed of two elements, which are: Question options: flesh and soul flesh and breath soul and spirit soul only

flesh and breath

The decedents of burial clubs were called

friendly societies

Those who made coffins during this time period often also made:

furniture

The Middle Ages Vigil came out of the ___practice.

hebrew

Coffins for the Egyptians could include portrait on the coffin hieroglyphics precious metals all of these were on the coffin

hieroglyphics

hebrews saw cremation as

indignity to the corpse

Coffins in Egypt were made of everything but: metal mats reed wooden and earthward baskets

metal

Greeks used all of the following materials for their coffins, except: metal wood stone baked clay

metal

During the Middle Ages, christians desired to be buried:

near the church

In rome, thus of higher status were buried: at night one hour before dawn one hour after dark during the day

not at night

By the early 1800s, who was practicing embalming? the under taker the family the kher-heb the barber-surgeon

not the barber-surgeon

Burial for Hebrews took place: (Cemetery) in the church yard in the city outside the city on family land

on family land

The 15th century led too

ostentatious funerals

Friendly societies existed to

pay for funerals of poor families

When embalming the upper-class, what did the embalmers do with the organs? a.)Place them in Canopic Jars b.)burn them c.)place them back in the body once it was embalmed d.)throw them in the river

place them in canopic jars

Chadwick worked under the auspice of the

poor law commissioners

Early Christians saw death as:

preparation for what is to come

the catholic doctrine of ______ says that the soul must be cleansed before entering heaven.

purgatory

the reformation put an end to the idea of

purgatory

BEGINNING OF CHAPTER THREE At a middle age funeral, the dead were brought to the church and a ____ was sung.

requiem mass

The animistic view of death was held by: greeks romans egyptians Chinese

romans

Which culture made it illegal to bury within city limits romans greeks hebrews chinese

romans

which culture buried the poor in common burial pits, while bury thing the rich in fancy tombs along the road? Romans greeks egyptians hebrews

romans

By the 1830s, England became with this problem which could no longer be ignored:

sanitary

Reasons for Egyptian embalming were sanitation and preservation sanitation and religious religious and preservation religious only

sanitation and religious

Primitive burial customs could be described as:

simple and unpretentious

Chadwick wanted funerals to become

simplified

During the Middle Ages, a scapegoat was used at a funeral and he was titled a:

sin-eater

the reformation abolished monastic orders, which mean the procession was less:

solemn

Early christians describe the soul as

spiritual and immortal

The _____ made the middle age funeral arrangements such as the mass.

stewards of the guild

The Egyptians believed the soul was composed of three parts, which does not include: the ba(soul) the yakhu (shining one) the name the body

the body

Who brought the German and Scandinavian beliefs to England?

the danish

Who disemboweled and washed the Egyptians body? the dissector the embalmer the pollinctor the priest

the dissector

Burial, for Hebrews, took place: within three days of death two hours after dawn the evening of the day of the death the day after the death

the evening of the day of death

In the greek world, who washed the body? the female next of kin the male next of kin the priest female neighbors

the female next of kin

The superintendent of embalming in the Egyptian culture was: The her-heb the painter the embalmer the anatomist

the kher-heb

BEGINNING OF CHAPTER FOUR By the medieval times, who was taking an interest in embalming?

the medical world

Which class of Egyptians had their body soaked in a soda solution for 70 days? The poor the middle class the rich royality

the poor

Who summoned roman people to a funeral? the libitnarius the pollinctores the praeco the priest

the praeco

What officer of the church took care of the cemetery?

the sexton

The idea of a wake came about because:

they wanted to assure the body was dead

Chadwick wanted all cemeteries to be run by the

town (municipal)

Churches would often exhibit ___ on a catafalque after a death:

wax death mask

The Chinese mourning color is:

white

aborigines smear their body with _____ for bereavement:

white clay

________ May be worn to symbolize mourning and stems from the convent

white cuffs

Dionysius was the Greek god of wine food and drink the sun hell

wine

One practice of the wake included drinking _____ to commune with the dead:

wine

Once middle age style embalming was almost complete they would:

wrap the body in cloth

the Egyptian mourning color is

yellow

Cremation first began around: 1000 BC 200 BC AD 200 AD 1000

1000 BC

hebrews did not tolerate: cremation embalming natural burial coffined burial

cremation

Classification of Greek tombs include all Except: shafts columns trapezae crystal glass

crystal glass