Intro. to Humanities Final Exam: Units 3-6

According to class discussions, how is society involved in the forming of an individual's morals? A) An individual's moral code is internally and externally constructed by society as institutions such as law, government, and religion often influence a person's understanding of right and wrong B) Because of the importance of external factors in forming a moral understanding, people of the same society form the same moral codes, creating universal community ethics C) Society is not involved in the forming of an individual's morals D) Society is not involved in the forming of moral code since humans in society and humans in a "state of nature" respond the same way to temptations

A) An individual's moral code is internally and externally constructed by society as institutions such as law, government, and religion often influence a person's understanding of right and wrong

Which of the following statements about Greek gods is FALSE? A) Aphrodite was the goddess of wisdom and virginity B) The gods interacted with humans and sometimes had affairs with them C) They often acted on human emotions (i.e. jealousy, envy, lust, etc.) D) Some gods were associated as patrons of different city-states (i.e. Athena and Athens)

A) Aphrodite was the goddess of wisdom and virginity

Which of the following IS NOT a way Homer is significant to Ancient Greek culture? A) He set the Trojan War as the main event in Greek history B) His works were part of the main culture of the Dark Ages C) He was the origin of Greek democratic ideals D) He helped establish the religious Pantheon

A) He set the Trojan War as the main event in Greek history

Which of the following accurately describes Octavian/Augustus? A) He was the first Roman emperor B) He was the first mastermind behind the plot to kill Caesar C) He was the last Roman emperor D) He was a famous gladiator

A) He was the first Roman emperor

Which of the following accurately describes the significance of the Bust of Nefertiti for Egyptian art? A) It is one of the most recognized Egyptian icons and shows that women were respected and often depicted positively B) Scholars now believe that the empty left eye, elongated neck, and half-formed right ear do not represent damage and instead offer the most illustrative view of the effects of royal inbreeding C) It represents the most naturalistic painting of the Old Kingdom D) It is the only surviving image of a female Egyptian

A) It is one of the most recognized Egyptian icons and shows that women were respected and often depicted positively

Which of the following accurately describes Medina? A) It means "Prophet City" and was used to refer to Yathrib after Muhammad and the first Muslims traveled there to gain strength and safety B) It means "Angle City" and refers to Damascus C) It means "Muhammad birthplace" and refers to Mecca D) It means "Holy City" and refers to Judea

A) It means "Prophet City" and was used to refer to Yathrib after Muhammad and the first Muslims traveled there to gain strength and safety

What was the name of Rome's founder and first Latin king? A) Romulus B) Augustus C) Remus D) Numa

A) Romulus

What is the major conclusion of Buddha's Four Noble Truths? A) Suffering exists but can be alleviated B) Suffering can only be alleviated by affirming faith in Buddha as a god C) Buddha did not exist and there are no "noble truths" D) Suffering does not exist

A) Suffering exists but can be alleviated

Which of the following accurately describes Roman society? A) The major divide was between the Plebeians (a varied lower class) and the Patricians (an elite upper class) B) The major divide was between the Plebeians (an elite upper class) and the Patricians (a varied lower class) C) It was fairly equal with little class division D) The major divide was between the Patricians and Republicans but it was superficial and had no real political impact

A) The major divide was between the Plebeians (a varied lower class) and the Patricians (an elite upper class)

What is the major significance of Paleolithic Venus statues, like the Venus of Willendorf? A) They represent women's fertility as assuring the continuity of humankind and demonstrate their importance as both related to mother earth and family reproduction B) They represent the Paleolithic people were not capable of human expression and artistic drive or carving materials C) Their extreme thin body type represents the consistent "ideal" feminine type D) They were so specific in facial detail that scholars believe they can be used to trace family lineage

A) They represent women's fertility as assuring the continuity of humankind and demonstrate their importance as both related to mother earth and family reproduction

Which of the following landmarks commemorated Roman military victories? A) Trajan's Column B) The Pont du Gard C) The Pantheon D) The Maison Carree

A) Trajan's Column

All of the following are examples of Roman culture EXCEPT... A) comedies B) Chariot races C) gladiator fights D) opera and orchestras

A) comedies

"Prehistory" may be defined as the period prior to... A) written records B) the Ice Age C) humankind D) stone tools

A) written records

Which of the following statements about Buddhism is NOT true? A) Buddhists believe in following the Eightfold Path B) Buddhists believe in living a righteous, peaceful life C) Buddhist are monotheistic and worship Allah as a God D) Buddhists follow the teaching of Siddhartha, including compassion

C) Buddhist are monotheistic and worship Allah as a God

Why did the work of Socrates provide an important influence on Ancient Greek and future philosophy? A) He started the Ionian school, which represented the first understanding of public liberal education B) He broke with standard lecture formats of education and dialectic method C) He created the "Divined line" theory and cave allegory D) He was Aristotle's tutor

B) He broke with standard lecture formats of education and dialectic method

Which of the following accurately describes Alexander the Great? A) He was the Roman emperor who won the Battle of Actium and finally ended Ancient Greece B) He was a Macedonian Greek who ruled the known world and ushered in the Hellenistic era by spreading Greek culture C) He was a famous philosopher who created the dialectic method D) He was an Indian prince who was famous for renouncing wealth and forming the concepts associated with Buddhism

B) He was a Macedonian Greek who ruled the known world and ushered in the Hellenistic era by spreading Greek culture

Who was Shiva? A) He was the elephant-headed god B) He was the Hindu god of creation (i.e. Shiva linga) and war C) He was the founder of Buddhism D) She was the Hindu goddess of the Earth

B) He was the Hindu god of creation (i.e. Shiva linga) and war

Which of the following statements concerning Mecca is NOT true? A) Mecca was a major city and an important trading hub B) Mecca was the first city to embrace Islam and accepted it immediately C) Muhammad left Meca due to hostility toward his new religion, eventually returning D) It was the city of Muhammad's birth

B) Mecca was the first city to embrace Islam and accepted it immediately

Which of the following explains the difference between concepts of "religion" and "faith"? A) Religion and faith are studied in tandem because they are the same concept B) Religion and faith are discussed together because they are linked, but faith represents more of a personal connection while religion is more of a regulated, codified, and communal understanding C) Religion and faith are not connected because religion represents solely an institutionalized view while faith is personal and detached completely from any concepts of God or morality D) Both the first human expressions of faith and the growth of the first religious institutions came from the earliest Paleolithic Stone Age groups

B) Religion and faith are discussed together because they are linked, but faith represents more of a personal connection while religion is more of a regulated, codified, and communal understanding

Which of the following IS NOT a potential influence on early Christianity? A) Islamic acceptance of Jesus as the Son of God B) Roman traditions such as the Saturnalia Festival C) Early Judaic and Hebrew roots of monotheism and the Yahweh sect D) Mithras traditions such as the ceremonial feasts and baptism (aka "illumination")

B) Roman traditions such as the Saturnalia Festival

Muhammad was significant to both the rise of Islam and the empire for all of the following EXCEPT: A) He changed the empire from a polytheistic to a monotheistic entity B) The empire spread into new areas C) He was the first leader of the Islamic empire D) He was the second most important of the five prophets of the pillars in Islam

B) The empire spread into new areas

Which of the following accurately describes Roman housing? A) Regardless of status or wealth, the lack of room in Rome forced all Romans to live in apartments B) Upper-class Roman society often lived in private villas, but a large portion of the poorer Roman society lived in densely-populated apartment housing C) All Romans lived in private houses called villas D) The Roman houses had extremely different floor plans than modern homes and did not include private bedrooms

B) Upper class Roman society often lived in private villas, but a large portion of the poorer Roman society lived in densely-populated apartment housing

All of the following were new developments of Neolithic Civilization, EXCEPT: A) writing B) cave paintings and religious figurines C) farming D) formal political hierarchies

B) cave paintings and religious figurines

Which of the following peoples had the LEAST direct influence on the development of Roman culture? A) the Latins B) the Hittites C) the Etruscans D) the Greeks

B) the Hittites

Which of the following statements best captures Seneca's Stoic philosophy? A) "Succumb to one's passions." B) "Follow one's heart, not one's mind." C) "Work to achieve peace of mind." D) "Never give in to fate."

C) "Work to achieve peace of mind."

Which of the following accurately describes the Trojan War? A) It was a war in India to unify the nation B) It was the was in Iliad in which Aeneas died C) It was a war between Ancient Greece and Troy that occurred in the Bronze Age and set a cultural identity for the rest of Greek history D) It was a war between Ancient Rome and Carthage that destroyed Carthage and made Rome an empire

C) It was a war between Ancient Greece and Troy that occurred in the Bronze Age and set a cultural identity for the rest of Greek history

Which of the following DOES NOT accurately describe Mesopotamia? A) It is considered part of the "Fertile Crescent" B) It is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers C) It was developed primarily by groups fleeing Egypt during its period of New Kingdom aggression and expansion D) It represented the birthplace of civilization via the Sumer settlements

C) It was developed primarily by groups fleeing Egypt during its period of New Kingdom aggression and expansion

Which of the following statements about the Epic of Gilgamesh is most accurate? A) Ir originated in Egypt B) It was written by Neolithic communities C) It was passed down orally for centuries D) It was inspired by the Hebrew Bible

C) It was passed down orally for centuries

The Hijra or Hegira was... A) The religious court that decided cases of alleged blasphemy B) A tax levied on nonbelievers living in an Islamic state C) Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina D) The chief religious official of Islam

C) Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina

The Agricultural Revolution affected human expression in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A) Farming changed politics and allowed for more centralized, complex government B) Since the Agricultural Revolution allowed for stationary societies, it eradicated issues like famine and starvation C) New cities changed religious expression and identity by creating a formalized priest class and institutionalized religion D) Domestication of plants and animals led to stationary societies, which allowed for larger buildings and religion

C) New cities changed religious expression and identity by creating a formalized priest class and institutionalized religion

Which Iron Age sea-faring people created a non-pictographic alphabet? A) Chaldeans B) Persians C) Phoenicians D) Assyrians

C) Phoenicians

Which of the following accurately describes Hinduism? A) Hinduism developed from Confucianism in France B) Hindu worship was fully polytheistic C) They believed in karma and reincarnation D) Hinduism is a new religion and is seen as a modern creation and trend

C) They believed in karma and reincarnation

What is the largest significance of Howard Carter's discovery in 1922 of King Tutankhamen's tomb? A) It is common knowledge and accepted academic theory, that Howard Carter unleashed a horrible curse by opening the tomb. While it is confirmed this curse killed himself and his men, linguistics experts believe it may affect all who enter the gravesite in the future B) Unlike earlier Old Kingdom tombs, Tutankhamen's yielded few grave objects made up of precious metals or materials, indicating the possible decline of Egypt and/or society's rejection of his religious changes C) Unlike many other royal tombs, this one had not been looted or disturbed which allowed for richer grave good finds and better knowledge of New Kingdom burial practices D) Strangely, his body was not present. Scholars theorize that since body preservation is linked to the ka, he was deemed an unpopular king and the Egyptians wanted his disembodied soul to roam the Underworld forever

C) Unlike many other royal tombs, this one had not been looted or disturbed which allowed for richer grave good finds and better knowledge of New Kingdom burial practices

Roman baths typically centered on a rectangular colonnaded hall known as... A) a megalith B) an arcade C) a basilica D) a dome

C) a basilica

One of the earliest landmarks of Paleolithic culture is... A) metallurgy B) farming C) cave painting D) stone circles

C) cave painting

Research into the origins of writing suggests that written signs derived from... A) hand signals B) Hammurabi's code C) marking on clay tokens D) images on cave walls

C) marking on clay tokens

There is little survival evidence with which to Judge Rome's accomplishments in the field of... A) sculpture B) literature C) music D) architecture

C) music

The Pantheon was dedicated to... A) Augustus B) Marcus Aurelius C) the planetary deities D) Julius Caesar

C) the planetary deities

Roman portraits were... A) always cast in bronze B) found only at gravesites C) typically more realistic than the sculpture of Greece D) typically more idealized than the sculpture of Greece

C) typically more realistic than the sculpture of Greece

Which of the following is accurate about Aeneas and his relationship to Rome? A) Aeneas was considered the founder of Rome and Emperor Augustus emphasized his supposed familial connection to him as political propaganda B) Aeneas was a prince who was betrothed to Queen Dido and stayed in Spain, founding the important city of Carthage C) Aeneas is a hero from Homer's Iliad and as such is not connected to ancient Rome D) Aeneas was a patron god of the city and was responsible for ensuring Rome's continual growth

D) Aeneas was a patron god of the city and was responsible for ensuring Rome's continual growth

The earliest discovered inscribed clay tablets come from... A) Africa B) Sumer C) Babylon D) Egypt

D) Egypt

Why did the work of Plato provide an important influence on Ancient Greek and future philosophy? A) He tutored Alexander the Great B) He created the first philosophical school titles the Lyceum C) He was executed for crimes against the state via hemlock poisoning D) His allegory of the cave and The Republic served as an important critique of government and discussed the difference between moral ideas and human reality

D) His allegory of the cave and The Republic served as an important critique of government and discussed the difference between moral ideas and human reality

Which of the following accurately describes Confucianism? A) Confucianism is another name for Buddhism B) Confucianism is the origin of Christianity C) Confucianism is a Western religion and originated in Germany D) It focused on the performance of ritual propriety termed "lei" to organize society under a ruler to diffuse moral order called "de"

D) It focused on the performance of ritual propriety termed "lei" to organize society under a ruler to diffuse moral order called "de"

Which of the following is true of the Athenian government? A) It started out as a monarchy and oligarchy but eventually became a democracy B) It was founded as an empire, the Delian League until it lost this in the Greco- Roman period when Octavian conquered it in the Battle of Actium C) It was founded as a democracy, but this was short-lived as it soon slipped to permanent tyranny -- which was its stage of government most influential to the U.S. D)It was rare because it was the only city-state to be originally founded as a democracy

D) It was rare because it was the only city state to be originally founded as a democracy

Which of the following is NOT included in the five pillars of Islam? A) Declaration that Allah is the only god B) To fast during Ramadan C) Mandatory charity D) Religious leaders or imams

D) Religious leaders or imams

How did Rome impact Christianity? A) Christianity's major conflicts and rise to power was in the Greek empire as no Roman emperors ever supported Christianity B) Rome feared the loss of power a strictly monotheistic religion would cause and therefore ruthlessly killed this entire group within 50 years. Sadly, destroying all knowledge of their religion today C) They initially persecuted the Christians forcing them into the catacombs and secrecy then later established it as the official religion, creating the Roman Catholic Church D) The Romans were open to Christianity from the beginning and accepted it as their official religion

D) The Romans were open to Christianity from the beginning and accepted it as their official religion

Which of the following best describes the Hindu worldview? A) They recognized only male gods as they saw females as unworthy of praise B) They recognized only one god named Buddha and this is what Buddhism split from C) They were fully polytheistic as they saw the spiritual world as split into several different deities (i.e. Shiva and Vishnu) without any singular cosmic force D) They were partially monotheistic and partially polytheistic as they did recognize different deities but saw them more as avatars of one unified spiritual cosmic source Brahmin

D) They were partially monotheistic and partially polytheistic as they did recognize different deities but saw them more as avatars of one unified spiritual cosmic source Brahmin

Hammurabi's Code is significant chiefly because it... A) is the only example of cuneiform in ancient Mesopotamia B) originated the idea that all subjects were equal under the law C) granted women the same rights as men D) is usually comprehensive and extensive

D) is usually comprehensive and extensive

The first civilization appeared in... A) in Western Europe B) on high plateaus C) in tropical climates D) on the banks of rivers

D) on the banks of rivers

The powerful landowners of ancient Rome were known as... A) plebeians B) princeps C) consuls D) patricians

D) patricians