Intro to Robotics Chp 6

What components make up a modern vision system in robotics?

A light source, a camera, and vision software.

What do robots need to detect and react to sound?

A microphone, hardware, and software to turn sound into signals.

What is an ultrasonic sensor?

A sensor that uses high-frequency sound to detect distance to objects.

What is a photoelectric proximity switch?

A sensor that uses light beams to detect object presence, distance, or color.

What is a proximity switch?

A solid-state device that detects objects using light, magnetic, or electrostatic fields without contact.

What else can ultrasonic sensors detect besides object distance?

Air leaks, by listening for high-frequency sounds.

How do robots locate the source of a sound?

By comparing input from multiple microphones.

How does GPS help in robotics?

By providing location data using satellite signals for navigation.

What do complex tactile sensors provide?

Contact data like force, temperature, and surface information using sensor arrays.

What does robot vision allow robots to do?

Detect object position, identify parts, and adjust for misalignment.

What makes absolute optical encoders unique?

Each position has a unique binary code for precise location tracking.

How does an inductive proximity switch work?

It uses a magnetic field to detect ferrous metals by sensing eddy current disruption.

What is the difference between open-loop and closed-loop systems?

Open-loop assumes motion; closed-loop confirms motion with feedback.

What is the sensing range of photoelectric proximity switches?

Point-blank to over 100 feet depending on application.

What does tactile sensing measure?

Pressure or force applied, similar to how human skin senses touch.

What are the key factors in selecting a limit switch?

Required amperage, force from the object, and response speed.

What triggers a capacitive proximity switch?

The presence of an object that completes the capacitive circuit.

What makes capacitive proximity switches different from inductive ones?

They detect both magnetic and nonmagnetic materials using electrostatic fields.

How do robots use motor amperage for impact detection?

They monitor for sudden spikes that may indicate an impact or overload.

How do incremental optical encoders work?

They use a spinning disk with light detectors to measure movement.

What is the goal of impact detection in robotics?

To prevent damage by detecting collisions and stopping or adjusting motion.

What do encoders do?

Track motor shaft position, speed, or direction and provide feedback.

What does a limit switch do in a robotic system?

Turns physical contact into a change in the state of electrical contacts.

How far can inductive proximity switches detect objects?

Up to 10 mm depending on magnetic field strength.