Intro to Sociology Final Exam

What percentage of the U.S. Population earns an average income of $29,000 or below? 30 - 35% 40 - 45% 20% 5%

20%

This amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects us from unreasonable search and seizure. 5th Amendment 6th Amendment 4th Amendment 1st Amendment

4th Amendment

This amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides us protection from self-incrimination. 4th Amendment 5th Amendment 6th Amendment 1st Amendment

5th Amendment

A powerful, negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity. It can often be considered a master status. Stigma Label Status Identifier

Stigma

The deprivation of resources that is life-threatening. Relative Poverty Subjective Poverty Initial Poverty Absolute Poverty

Absolute Poverty

The principle of Due Process is grounded in the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights Preamble to the Constitution Declaration of Independence Emancipation Proclamation

Bill of Rights

The three components of the U.S. Criminal Justice System include all of the following, EXCEPT Congress Courts Law Enforcement Corrections

Congress

______________________ is a violation of society's formally enacted criminal law. Deviance Regulation Violation Torts Crime

Crime

__________________________ is the recognized violation of cultural norms. Tort Deviance Crime Infraction

Deviance

Max Weber identified three distinct dimensions of social stratification. Which of the following is NOT one of these three? Power Education Economic Class Social Status

Education

There are four major agents of socialization that help us develop of our gender identity and understanding of gender roles. They include all of the following, EXCEPT: Peer Groups Employers Mass Media Schools

Employers

A policy of releasing inmates from prison to serve the remainder of their sentences in the community under supervision. Restitution Good Time Parole Probation

Parole

Conspicuous consumption involves buying and using products because of the high customer ratings that they receive. True False

False

Matriarchy is a form of social organization in which males dominate females. True False

False

Sexual harassment involves comments, gestures and physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated and welcome. True False

False

Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks an individual in a hierarchy. True False

False

The Class system is social stratification based on ascription, or birth. True False

False

A more serious crime that is punishable by a minimum of 1 year to life in prison or the death penalty. Infranction Misdemeanor Tort Felony

Felony

Personal traits and social positions members of a society attach to being female and male. None of these Ascribed Status Sex Gender

Gender

The unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men and women. Gender Stratification Global Stratification Racial Stratification Social Stratification

Gender Stratification

A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority. Organization Hierarchy Bureaucracy Network

Hierarchy

Earnings from work and investments. Capital Income Wealth Assets

Income

More than one-third of U.S. richest people derived fortunes from The Oil Business The Stock Market Winning the Lottery Inheritance

Inheritance

A change in social position during a person's lifetime. Extragenerational Mobility Intragenerational Mobility Role Exit Intergenerational Mobility

Intragenerational Mobility

_______________________________ is quoted as saying, "the law is a means by which powerful people protect their interests." Karl Marx Max Weber Emile Durkheim Edward Sutherland

Karl Marx

The idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions. Labeling Theory Strain Theory Stigma Control Theory

Labeling Theory

Feminism that seeks to change only to ensure equality of opportunity. Socialist Feminism Liberal Feminism Radical Feminism None of these

Liberal Feminism

This is social stratification based on personal merit. Caste System Class System Meritocracy None of these

Meritocracy

Of the social classes in the U.S., which one represents the largest percentage of our population? Upper Class Working Class Middle Class Lower Class

Middle Class

A less serious crime that is punishable by a fine or up to 1 year in jail. Misdemeanor Tort Felony Infraction

Misdemeanor

The total value of all assets minus debts. Capital Savings Income Wealth

Wealth

The oldest justification for punishment. Societal Protection Retribution Rehabilitation Deterrence

Retribution

White-collar jobs generally offer more income and prestige than blue-collar jobs. Which of the following is not considered a white-collar job? Secretary Lawyer Doctor College Professor

Secretary

A belief that one sex or the other is innately inferior or superior. Patriarchy Gender Bias Gender Superiority Sexism

Sexism

This theory claims that stratification divides societies in classes, benefiting some categories of people at the expense of others. Social Conflict Theory The Davis-Moore Thesis Conspicuous Consumption Symbolic-Interaction Perspective

Social Conflict Theory

There are four principles of social stratification. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles? Social stratification is a trait of society. Social stratification is universal but variable. Social Stratification is based on equality. Social stratification persists over generations.

Social Stratification is based on equality.

Feminism that supports an end to social classes and to family gender roles that encourage "domestic slavery." Socialist Feminism None of these Liberal Feminism Radical Feminism

Socialist Feminism

This functional analysis supports the belief that social stratification has beneficial consequences for the operation of society. Social Conflict Theory The Davis-Moore Thesis Conspicuous Consumption Symbolic-Interaction Perspective

The Davis-Moore Thesis

A minority is any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural differences that a society sets apart and subordinates. False True

True

Like biological theories, psychological explanations of deviance focus on abnormality in the individual person. False True

True

Members of higher social classes tend to be more conservative on economic issues, more liberal on social issues and more politically involved. False True

True

Merton's "Strain Theory" suggests that some deviance may be necessary. True False

True

Medicalization of deviance suggests that moral and legal deviance can be transformed into a medical debate. explanation . occurrence. condition.

condition.

Deviance varies according to __________________ norms. legal social cultural expected

cultural

Sutherland's "Differential Association" suggests that deviant behavior is instinctive. beyond the control of the individual. learned. spontaneous.

learned.

Cesare Lombroso is considered the "Father of Criminology". He looked for ________________ traits to explain criminality. physical environmental expressive behavioral

physical

Causes of homelessness include all, except poverty recent economic growth cutbacks in social service budgets mental illness

recent economic growth

Socioeconomic Status (SES) is a composite ranking based on various dimensions of wealth education social inequality power

social inequality

Deviance is viewed as unsuccessful socialization. compliance. social skills. living.

socialization.

Although feminists disagree about many things, most support five general principles. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles? working to increase inequality expansion of human choice promoting sexual freedom ending sexual violence

working to increase inequality