Intro to Sociology Final Exam
What percentage of the U.S. Population earns an average income of $29,000 or below? 30 - 35% 40 - 45% 20% 5%
20%
This amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects us from unreasonable search and seizure. 5th Amendment 6th Amendment 4th Amendment 1st Amendment
4th Amendment
This amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides us protection from self-incrimination. 4th Amendment 5th Amendment 6th Amendment 1st Amendment
5th Amendment
A powerful, negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity. It can often be considered a master status. Stigma Label Status Identifier
Stigma
The deprivation of resources that is life-threatening. Relative Poverty Subjective Poverty Initial Poverty Absolute Poverty
Absolute Poverty
The principle of Due Process is grounded in the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights Preamble to the Constitution Declaration of Independence Emancipation Proclamation
Bill of Rights
The three components of the U.S. Criminal Justice System include all of the following, EXCEPT Congress Courts Law Enforcement Corrections
Congress
______________________ is a violation of society's formally enacted criminal law. Deviance Regulation Violation Torts Crime
Crime
__________________________ is the recognized violation of cultural norms. Tort Deviance Crime Infraction
Deviance
Max Weber identified three distinct dimensions of social stratification. Which of the following is NOT one of these three? Power Education Economic Class Social Status
Education
There are four major agents of socialization that help us develop of our gender identity and understanding of gender roles. They include all of the following, EXCEPT: Peer Groups Employers Mass Media Schools
Employers
A policy of releasing inmates from prison to serve the remainder of their sentences in the community under supervision. Restitution Good Time Parole Probation
Parole
Conspicuous consumption involves buying and using products because of the high customer ratings that they receive. True False
False
Matriarchy is a form of social organization in which males dominate females. True False
False
Sexual harassment involves comments, gestures and physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated and welcome. True False
False
Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks an individual in a hierarchy. True False
False
The Class system is social stratification based on ascription, or birth. True False
False
A more serious crime that is punishable by a minimum of 1 year to life in prison or the death penalty. Infranction Misdemeanor Tort Felony
Felony
Personal traits and social positions members of a society attach to being female and male. None of these Ascribed Status Sex Gender
Gender
The unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men and women. Gender Stratification Global Stratification Racial Stratification Social Stratification
Gender Stratification
A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority. Organization Hierarchy Bureaucracy Network
Hierarchy
Earnings from work and investments. Capital Income Wealth Assets
Income
More than one-third of U.S. richest people derived fortunes from The Oil Business The Stock Market Winning the Lottery Inheritance
Inheritance
A change in social position during a person's lifetime. Extragenerational Mobility Intragenerational Mobility Role Exit Intergenerational Mobility
Intragenerational Mobility
_______________________________ is quoted as saying, "the law is a means by which powerful people protect their interests." Karl Marx Max Weber Emile Durkheim Edward Sutherland
Karl Marx
The idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions. Labeling Theory Strain Theory Stigma Control Theory
Labeling Theory
Feminism that seeks to change only to ensure equality of opportunity. Socialist Feminism Liberal Feminism Radical Feminism None of these
Liberal Feminism
This is social stratification based on personal merit. Caste System Class System Meritocracy None of these
Meritocracy
Of the social classes in the U.S., which one represents the largest percentage of our population? Upper Class Working Class Middle Class Lower Class
Middle Class
A less serious crime that is punishable by a fine or up to 1 year in jail. Misdemeanor Tort Felony Infraction
Misdemeanor
The total value of all assets minus debts. Capital Savings Income Wealth
Wealth
The oldest justification for punishment. Societal Protection Retribution Rehabilitation Deterrence
Retribution
White-collar jobs generally offer more income and prestige than blue-collar jobs. Which of the following is not considered a white-collar job? Secretary Lawyer Doctor College Professor
Secretary
A belief that one sex or the other is innately inferior or superior. Patriarchy Gender Bias Gender Superiority Sexism
Sexism
This theory claims that stratification divides societies in classes, benefiting some categories of people at the expense of others. Social Conflict Theory The Davis-Moore Thesis Conspicuous Consumption Symbolic-Interaction Perspective
Social Conflict Theory
There are four principles of social stratification. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles? Social stratification is a trait of society. Social stratification is universal but variable. Social Stratification is based on equality. Social stratification persists over generations.
Social Stratification is based on equality.
Feminism that supports an end to social classes and to family gender roles that encourage "domestic slavery." Socialist Feminism None of these Liberal Feminism Radical Feminism
Socialist Feminism
This functional analysis supports the belief that social stratification has beneficial consequences for the operation of society. Social Conflict Theory The Davis-Moore Thesis Conspicuous Consumption Symbolic-Interaction Perspective
The Davis-Moore Thesis
A minority is any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural differences that a society sets apart and subordinates. False True
True
Like biological theories, psychological explanations of deviance focus on abnormality in the individual person. False True
True
Members of higher social classes tend to be more conservative on economic issues, more liberal on social issues and more politically involved. False True
True
Merton's "Strain Theory" suggests that some deviance may be necessary. True False
True
Medicalization of deviance suggests that moral and legal deviance can be transformed into a medical debate. explanation . occurrence. condition.
condition.
Deviance varies according to __________________ norms. legal social cultural expected
cultural
Sutherland's "Differential Association" suggests that deviant behavior is instinctive. beyond the control of the individual. learned. spontaneous.
learned.
Cesare Lombroso is considered the "Father of Criminology". He looked for ________________ traits to explain criminality. physical environmental expressive behavioral
physical
Causes of homelessness include all, except poverty recent economic growth cutbacks in social service budgets mental illness
recent economic growth
Socioeconomic Status (SES) is a composite ranking based on various dimensions of wealth education social inequality power
social inequality
Deviance is viewed as unsuccessful socialization. compliance. social skills. living.
socialization.
Although feminists disagree about many things, most support five general principles. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles? working to increase inequality expansion of human choice promoting sexual freedom ending sexual violence
working to increase inequality