Introduction to Criminal Justice System: Chapter 6

Police will monitor locations were disturbances are normal located.

Aggressive Patrol

Helps control sales of untaxed liquor and cigarettes, through the Gun Control Act of 1968 and the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives(ATF)

Duties are usually restricted to unincorporated areas within a county, unless a city or town department request help. Duties include serving civil process, providing court security, operating the county jail, and investigating crimes,

County Law Enforcement Agencies

Detectives use modern technology to collect records of cell phones and pagers, computer hard drives, diaries, notes, and documents. Information includes data used by persons of interest in the investigation that tell about their lives, interactions with others, and geographical connections.

Informative Data Gathering

Modern criminal investigators are romanticized to violate the law to capture a suspect, but in actuality investigators are nothing like how they are portrayed on television shows. They are usually experienced civil servants, trained in investigatory techniques, knowledgeable about legal rules of evidence and prodecures, and at least somewhat catious about the legal and administrative consequences of their actions.

Investigation Function

Employs civilians with special skills to the department, makes up majority of the nation's authorized law enforcement personnel, and duties include traffic enforcement, crime prevention, narcotics and vice control, property and violent crime investigations, and etc.

Metropolitan Law Enforcement

Crime prevention, detection, and the apprehension of criminals carried out by private organizations or individuals for commercial purposes. Ex. bodyguards or campus security.

Private Policing

This process involves dectives who canvass the neighborhood and make observations, conduct interviews with friends, families, and associates, contact coworkers or employers for information regarding victims and suspects, and construct victim/suspect timelines to outline their whereabouts before the incident.

General Coverage

1. A preference for nongovernmental provision of important services, particularly crime control. 2. the growth of mass private property, particularly large shopping malls and other properties that attract large numbers of consumers and have little other police protection. 3. A belief that government police are not capable of providing the level of service and presence that the public desires.

Reasons for Private Policing

The arm of the Justice Department that investigates violations of federal law, gathers crime statistics, runs a comprehensive crime laboratory, and helps train local law enforcement officers.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI)

the legal arm of the federal government. Headed by attorney general, it is empowered to enforce all federal laws, represent the United States when it is party to court action, and conduct independent investigations through its law enforcement services.

The U.S Justice Department

Created due to the attacks of 9?11 to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reducing America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimizing the damage and aiding the recovery from attacks that do occur.

Homeland Security

Specific focus, general coverage, and informative data gathering

How do detectives detect?

Rapid Response

Improving police response time to a crime

Police units assigned to enforce morality based laws, such as those addressing prostitution, gambling, and pornography

Vice squads

Dectectives interview witnesses, gather evidence, record events, and collect facts that are available at the immediate crime scene

Specific focus

State police were legislatively created to deal with the growing incidence of crime in nonurban areas. State governors developed plans for police agencies that would be responsible to the state, instead of being tied to local politics and possible corruption.

State Law Enforcement Agencies

Broken Window Policing

The rule of the police as maintainers of the community order and safety. Neighborhood disorder creates fear, neighboorhod give out crime-promoting signals, and police need to aggressively target low-level "quality of life"0