INVESTIGATING NATURE QUIZ #4
Morse to DNA conversion principle
- = T, . = C, word space = A, letter space = G
transgenic organism
organisms that have had a foreign gene inserted into them
vector
the means by which recombinant DNA is introduced into bacteria; a plasmid is an example
DNA ligase
the molecular glue used to seal pieces of DNA together
restriction enzyme
the molecular scissors used to cut DNA at specific sequences
genetic engineering
the use of technology to alter the genomes (DNA in most cases; some viruses have RNA genomes) of viruses, bacteria, and other cells for medical or industrial purposes
anticodon
three-base sequence in a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA
codon
three-base sequence in messenger RNA (mRNA) that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation
DNA _______mRNA________proteins
transcribes, translates
tRNA
transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
Name 3 amino acids
Tyrosine, Asparagine, Valine
transgenic art
a new art form based on the use of genetic engineering to transfer natural or synthetic genes to an organism to create unique living beings
promoter
a region of DNA involved in binding of RNA polymerase to initiate transcription; other proteins also bind the promoter that also regulate the level of transcription from a gene
coding region
a sequence of DNA which encodes RNA which encodes protein
Protein
a type of molecule that is a linear polymer of amino acids that can fold into a 3-D shape; the 3-D shape depends on the sequence of amino acids
gene
a unit of heredity;more specifically, a unit of DNA that dictates the structure of protein
genetic art
art that involves the actual or proposed genetic manipulation of living organisms and to a lesser extent, the creation of synthetic DNA molecules in vitro for the purpose of their presentation as art
recombinant DNA (rDNA)
contains DNA from two or more sources
antibiotic
drug that selectively kills bacteria without harming host cells
RNA polymerase
during transcription, an enzyme that joins nucleotides complementary to the DNA template, complex of many proteins
How many types of amino acids are there?
20
mRNA
messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
bacteria
microscopic unicellular prokaryotes that can be free living or pathogenic
Chromatin
network of fine threads in the nucleus which are composed of DNA and proteins
Protein is made up of
Protein is a molecule made up of 20 repeating units called amino acids.
During RNA, U takes the place of _____
T
chromosome
chromatin condensed into a compact structure (definition relative to chromatin); also note a chromosome is DNA and protein condensed into a compact structure that contains some of an organisms genes
Where do plasmids naturally occur?
bacteria and yeast, and they are widely used as vehicles for introducing foreign DNA into these organisms
exon
from expressed; a region of a eukaryotic gene that encodes protein, as opposed to an intron, i.e., a region of a gene that does not
intron
from intervening sequence; a noncoding polynucleotide sequence that interupts the coding sequences, the exons of a gene
Biotechnology
includes genetic engineering and other techniques that make use of natural biological systems to produce a product or to achieve an end desired by human beings
ampicillin
is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
template strand
pattern or guide used to make copies; DNA strand that serves as guide for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA)
transcription
process whereby a DNA strand serves as a template for formation of mRNA
translation
process whereby ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to produce a polypeptide with a particular sequence of amino acids
rRNA
ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
plasmid
small circular piece of double-stranded DNA that has an origin of replication which makes it self-replicating, an extrachromosomal element