I/O

"Doing things with people, not to people" summarizes which leadership theory? A) Inclusive leadership B) Charismatic leadership C) Personal leadership D) Situational leadership

A

A carpenter who completes a finished desk from raw wood would be rated high on A) task identity B) job feedback C) Collectivism D) task significance

A

A monthly salary is an example of a(n) _________ reward. A) Tangible B) Intangible C) Implicit D) Explicit

A

Age, gender, and race are examples of what kind of diversity? A) Demographic B) Cognitive C) Social D) Background

A

As employees' control increases, their A) job satisfaction increases. B) health symptoms increase. C) psychological strains increase. D) job performance decreases.

A

Based on empirical research, which of the following groups will probably come up with the FEWEST ideas? A) A five-person interacting brainstorming group B) A five-person group that brainstorms on the computer C) Five individuals who brainstorm alone and then combine their ideas D) A five-person nominal brainstorming group

A

Brian enjoys his job because it is important, involves a variety of tasks, and he has the freedom to do his job as he sees fit. This example illustrates the ______ model of job satisfaction. A) Environmental B) Personality C) Interactionist D) Selection

A

For an incentive system to work employees must be able to increase productivity. employees must be underpaid. employees must be concerned about product quality. employees must like supervisors.

A

Sharyn holds a "Theory X" orientation when it comes to her view of her role as manager at New Millenium Enterprises. Which of the following statement best describes her belief? A) She believes that workers are indifferent to the organization's needs and it is the manager's job to organize and direct the human and nonhuman elements of the organization. B) She believes that managers should make it possible for employees to recognize and develop their organizational capabilities. C) She believes that managers should create organizational conditions such that subordinates can achieve their goals by achieving organizational goals. D) She believes that long-term employment is the root of an effective organization.

A

Team building techniques have one of two orientations. What are they? A) Task and interpersonal B) Authority and communication C) Communication and interpersonal D) Intrapersonal and interpersonal

A

The application of I/O Psychology to social justice issues, especially poverty reduction and the promotion of decent work, aligned with local stakeholders' needs, and in partnership with global aid/development groups is called A) Human & Social Capital Development. B) Global Industrial Psychology. C) Organizational Social Justice D) Humanitarian Work Psychology

A

The application of scientific information concerning humans to the design of objects, systems and environment for human use is the definition of A) Ergonomics B) Psychology C) Engineering D) Interface

A

The field of ________ is concerned with the interface between people and the physical environment. A) Human Factors B) I/O Psychology C) Engineering D) Management

A

The heater and AC controls are together in your car. This is due to which principle of control design? A) They should be grouped logically. B) Important controls should be recognizable by touch. C) They should give feedback when they're used. D) The direction they are moved should be logical.

A

The primary economic activity in our society is A) Consumption B) Production C) Information D) Education

A

When groups are brainstorming they are supposed to A) generate ideas without being critical or judgmental in any way. B) generate really good ideas, even if there are only a few of them. C) take turns criticizing each idea before formally accepting it. D) engage in groupthink when evaluating ideas.

A

Which approach asks, "Who will make a good leader?" A) Trait B) Behavior C) Contingency D) LMX

A

Which leadership theory emphasizes the relationship between the leader and individual group members rather than that between the leader and the group as a whole? A) Leader-member exchange theory B) Vroom-Yetton model C) Leader behavior theory D) Path-goal theory

A

Which of the following is NOT necessary for goal setting to be effective at improving job performance? A) Employees must be permitted to set their own goals. B) Employees must have goal commitment. C) Employees must receive feedback. D) The goal must be difficult.

A

Which of the following motivation theories has the LEAST empirical research support? A) Herzberg's two factor theory B) Expectancy theory C) Goal setting theory D) Self-efficacy theory

A

Which of the following organizational development techniques is based on goal setting? A) Management by objectives. B) Survey feedback. C) T-groups. D) Teambuilding.

A

Which of the following terms reflects going beyond the formal requirements of the job? A) Organizational citizenship behavior B) Mental model similarity C) Motivational potential D) Cooperative work

A

Work-family conflict is a form of: A) extrarole conflict B) intrarole conflict C) role ambiguity D) qualitative workload

A

You are a member of a highly cohesive group that has a very strong leader and is isolated from others and outside influences. This group has begun working on an important project in which it has been asked to examine all aspects of a project. This group is most vulnerable to which of the following types of group behavior? A) Groupthink B) social loafing C) group polarization D) social facilitation

A

You have noticed that most of the associates in your same position are getting the same rewards for doing a good job. What motivational theory is your boss using? A) Equity Theory B) Goal setting Theory C) Expectancy Theory D) Reinforcement Theory

A

Zajonc (1965) explained the findings of Triplett (1897) and others on how the presence of an audience influences performance. According to Zajonc's explanation, if you are a highly skilled dancer you can maximize your performance by A) dancing in front of an audience. B) mentally reviewing your dance before you begin. C) dancing in isolation. D) avoiding social loafing.

A

__________ is an attitudinal variable that reflects how people feel about their jobs overall and about various aspects of their jobs. A) Job satisfaction B) Organizational commitment C) Job involvement D) Occupational commitment

A

A well-established organizational advantage to flextime is that it A) increases employee productivity. B) decreases absences. C) increases job satisfaction. D) increases organizational commitment.

B

ADI, CLG and CEP are all psychologically oriented consulting firms whose work is based on which theoretical perspective? A) Social B) Behavioral C) Cognitive D) Psychoanalytic

B

According to our class analysis of Temple culture, why is the Temple "T" such an important symbol for this university? A) 'T" is the kanji for "cherry" B) It was designed by a student. C) It resembles an owl perch. D) It dates back to 1903.

B

According to the WSJ, the RV industry in Elkhart, IN is currently facing which of these labor challenges? A) High unemployment rate B) Too few job candidates C) Many addicts employed D) Little incentive to work

B

Approximately how many people died at work in the USA in 2016? A) 500 B) 5,500 C) 10,500 D) 20,500

B

As discussed in class in and TiP articles, work/family balance is primarily the responsibility of A) The spouse B) The manager C) The organization D) The employee

B

Dan has accrued a benefits package and does not feel that he can leave his job, although he would like to. This describes what form of commitment? A) Affective B) Continuance C) Normative D) Behavioral

B

Elizabeth seems to have an unusual amount of influence over the people that she supervises. She is capable of transforming her subordinates' aspirations and values. Her subordinates are always highly motivated to "go the extra mile" to reach whatever vision she has asked them to achieve. Psychologists might argue that Elizabeth demonstrates A) A high LPC. B) Charisma. C) A participative leadership style. D) A low LPC.

B

I think I should be well paid because I have a Ph.D. In this case, the Ph.D. is considered a(n)_____________. A) Outcome B) Input C) Valence D) Expectancy

B

In Expectancy Theory, instrumentality is the A) subjective probability that a person has about his or her ability to perform a particular behavior. B) subjective probability that a given behavior will result in a particular reward. C) value of an outcome or reward to a person. D) amount of motivation a person has to engage in a particular behavior.

B

Leader behavior approaches to leadership are focused on A) the characteristics (traits) of effective leaders. B) what leaders do; or the actual behavior demonstrated by effective leaders. C) the interaction between the leader and the leadership situation. D) the interplay between the characteristics of the leader, the characteristics of the situation and the characteristics of the subordinates.

B

Many companies require their employees to express positive emotions when dealing with customers. This is known as A) emotional exhaustion. B) emotional labor. C) emotional dissonance. D) positive affectivity.

B

People are most likely to die at work as a result of A) Homicide B) Highway incidents C) Cancer D) Slips and falls

B

Photocopying machines frequently break down. In some organizations such breakdowns are always handled by staff from the photocopy center. Which organizational theory would argue that the secretaries who use the machines should be responsible for fixing all but major problems? A) Theory Y B) Sociotechnical systems theory C) Open systems theory D) Bureaucracy theory

B

Roger is an OD consultant. His theoretical bias is toward a concern with the attitudes of managers towards their subordinates. Which organizational theory is he most likely to ascribe to? A) Bureaucracy B) Theory X/Theory Y C) Open systems theory D) Sociotechnical systems theory

B

The CEO has authority over the vice-president, who has authority over the middle manager, who has authority over the group leader, who has authority over the assembly workers. This is a description of A) division of labor. B) delegation of authority. C) span of control. D) line versus staff.

B

The Galatea effect is part of which theory? A) Expectancy theory B) Self-efficacy theory C) Equity theory D) Control theory

B

The concept of ______________ implies that different individuals have different jobs and responsibilities in the group. A) Norms B) Roles C) group cohesiveness D) team commitment

B

The major tenet of reinforcement theory is that behavior results from A) fulfillment. B) consequences. C) perceptions. D) beliefs.

B

The probability of a particular behavior increases if it is followed by a reward or reinforcement, and the probability of a behavior decreases if it is followed by a punishment. This is A) the rule of reinforcement. B) the law of effect. C) the principle of reinforcement. D) the law of cause and effect.

B

The subjective probability that a person has about his or her ability to perform a particular behavior is A) Self-efficacy. B) Expectancy. C) Valence. D) Instrumentality.

B

The sum of forces attracting group members and keeping the group together is known as A) group commitment. B) group cohesiveness. C) groupthink. D) group depolarization.

B

What is the leading cause of accidental death on the job in the U.S.? A) Slips and falls B) Motor vehicle accidents C) Exposure to toxic chemicals D) Electrocution

B

What type of diversity concerns peoples' knowledge, skills, and values? A) Demographic B) Cognitive C) Social D) Background

B

Which US president signed the law creating the first federal agency dedicated to employee safety and health? A) Hoover B) Nixon C) Roosevelt D) Taft

B

Which of the following jobs would most likely be highest in task significance? A) Truck driver B) Paramedic C) Assembly line worker D) Cashier

B

Which theory of motivation claims that the value of the expectancy times the valence times the instrumentality equals motivation? A) Equity theory B) Expectancy theory C) Reinforcement theory D) Self-efficacy theory

B

You believe that John is a born leader and will vote for him in any election that he chooses to participate in. What theory of leadership do you ascribe to? A) Charismatic theory B) Trait theory C) Path goal theory D) Fiedler's Contingency theory

B

You have been charged with designing an effective computer interface for the newest PC that New Millenium Enterprises is designing. The only constraint that has been given to you is that the interface must be user friendly. What should you keep in mind as you design the interface? A) The simpler the representation, the more likely people are to understand it. B) The best systems represent the problem in a way that matches how people represent the problem. C) Regardless of how you represent the problem it will take a lot of training to get people to be able to use the interface efficiently. D) The best systems represent the problem in innovative formats so users are able to remember their uniqueness.

B

_______ people tend to procrastinate, whereas ______ people tend to perform better on the job. A) action-oriented; state-oriented B) state-oriented; action-oriented C) high self-efficacy; low self-efficacy D) low self-efficacy; high self-efficacy

B

A WSJ article reported recently that Google and YouTube are facing lawsuits alleging that their diversity related policies are unfair to which group?? A) Black men B) Black women C) White men D) White women

C

According to Expectancy Theory, what are the three factors that determine motivation level? A) expectancy, valence, and force B) pay, valence, and experience C) expectancy, valence, and instrumentality D) expectancy, pay, and valence

C

An internal state that induces a person to engage in specific behaviors is defined as A) intensity. B) stress. C) motivation. D) persistence.

C

Hackman and Oldham are known for what theory? A) Counterproductive work behavior theory B) Human factors theory C) Job characteristics theory D) Big Five theory of personality

C

If I wanted to research someone's job satisfaction, I would most likely assess them by which of the following? A) A job shadow B) A supervisor interview C) The JDI D) Positive affectivity test

C

Job satisfaction is generally discussed in I/O Psychology as a management tool. Class discussion focused on job satisfaction as also a management A) Right B) Prerogative C) Responsibility D) Platitude

C

Marcy tells all her subordinates exactly what she expects them to do, and she never shows any interest in them as people. In the terms used by the leader behavior approach, Marcy A) has a directive leadership style. B) is a task-oriented leader. C) is high in initiating structure and low in consideration. D) is a low LPC leader.

C

New Millennium Enterprises asks each employee detailed questions about their opinions of the company. The information gathered is then summarized and given back to the employees and is then used as the starting point for organizational change. Which OD technique was used? A) Management by Objectives B) Team Building C) Survey feedback D) T-groups

C

Organizational downsizing refers to A) the way in which companies sell food in smaller and smaller packages for the same amount of money. B) the decrease in profits that accompanies international competition. C) a reduction in the number of employees. D) a reduction in executives' fringe benefits (luxury cars, company jets, $500/night hotel suites, etc.).

C

Recent research on fairness in the workplace has increasingly emphasized A) equity theory. B) distributive fairness. C) procedural justice. D) outcome fairness.

C

Susan enjoys dancing and is very good at it. She teaches accounting, a subject which she does not enjoy. She would most likely have a problem with which antecedent of job satisfaction? A) Job characteristics B) Individualism C) Person-job fit D) Locus of control

C

The Minnesota Twin Study attributes what proportion of job satisfaction to genetic factors? A) 10% B) 20% C) 30% D) 40%

C

The overall productivity of your department has decreased over the last few months. As a result, your supervisor threatens to demote all members of your department if the productivity level does not increase. Your manager has used which type of power? A) Referent B) Legitimate C) Coercive D) Reward

C

The phi coefficient shows A) The percentage of respondents expected to answer a question correctly B) An estimate of a question's reliability in relation to other questions C) How well a question distinguishes between top and bottom quartiles D) The proportion of valid responses to a question and total score

C

What is the effect of a guaranteed contract on Major League Baseball pitcher performance? A) Innings pitched and walks decrease, wins increase B) Wins, strikeouts decrease, batting average increases C) Strikeouts, innings pitched decrease, ERA increases D) ERA, wins decrease, innings pitched increase

C

When a person is emotionally exhausted and has low work motivation after being on the job for years, we say s/he is experiencing A) physical job strain. B) behavioral job strain. C) burnout. D) a midlife crisis.

C

When people do not put forth as much effort in a cooperative group as they would if they were working alone, we say they have demonstrated A) social facilitation. B) process loss. C) social loafing. D) social inhibition.

C

When writing a test question, the writer should first write the stem and then write: A) The hardest alternative B) The distracter alternative C) The correct alternative D) The first alternative

C

Which industry had the highest injury rate in 2016? A) Retail trade B) Food service C) Transportation and warehousing D) Health care

C

Which of the following is NOT true? A) Cognitive ability predicts performance for most jobs. B) Cognitive ability is most strongly related to performance for mentally demanding jobs. C) Younger workers are more able, thus age predicts performance. D) Matching employee abilities to job KSAO requirements enhances job performance.

C

Which of the following is most likely to have experienced violence or a physical assault while on the job? A) Mail carriers in urban areas B) Sales associates working in a mall C) Convenience store clerks working the night shift D) College professors in large universities

C

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is FALSE? A) It can adversely affect a person's employment and work performance. B) It creates a hostile and intimidating work environment. C) Companies are not legally responsible if managers sexually harass. D) It can result in large hidden costs to the organization.

C

Which of the following statements about the relation between job satisfaction and gender and age is correct? A) Job satisfaction tends to be higher among men than women, and increases with age. B) Job satisfaction tends to be higher among men than women, but is unrelated to age. C) Job satisfaction is unrelated to gender, and tends to increase with age. D) Job satisfaction tends to be higher among women than men, and is unrelated to age.

C

Which statement below best characterizes the relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction? A) Job satisfaction leads to life satisfaction. B) There is no relationship between life and job satisfaction. C) Job and life satisfaction affect each other. D) In high paying jobs, job satisfaction causes life satisfaction.

C

Which theory was the basis for the Job Characteristics model? A) Maslow's need hierarchy theory B) Self-efficacy theory C) Herzberg's two-factor theory D) Expectancy theory

C

You have designed a new program to motivate your employees toward 100 % accuracy. In the program you use a system whereby every time an employee performs a task properly you present them with a token. Once they have collected 10 tokens they earn an hour break. If they collect 80 tokens they can have a whole day off. What theory of motivation have you based your program on? A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs B) Equity theory C) Reinforcement theory D) Expectancy theory

C

You obey the doctor's instructions because you think the doctor knows what is best for you. The doctor has ___________power. A) Legitimate B) Reward C) Expert D) Referent

C

You recently joined a study group for your biology class. Prior to joining the study group you read and took notes on each chapter before attending class. Since joining the group you only take notes on the portion of the chapter that you must explain to the group and rely on the photocopies of your groupmates' notes for the remaining sections. Your behavior could be classified as A) social facilitation. B) process loss. C) social loafing. D) social inhibition.

C

______________ refers to the number of subordinates who report to each supervisor. Division of labor Delegation of authority Span of control Line versus staff

C

A defined contribution retirement plan is one in which A) Employees must participate B) Cost of living increases occur annually C) The US government invests D) Benefits are not guaranteed

D

According to Equity Theory, which is NOT an action an employee will take in response to feelings of inequity? A) change inputs B) change outputs C) withdraw from the work situation D) change valence

D

According to WSJ reports, organizations are now looking for which resource when deciding where to move? A) Large airports B) Vacation destinations C) Highway access D) Qualified applicants

D

Carpal tunnel syndrome is A) the fear of driving through tunnels. B) a mild psychiatric disorder. C) most common among farm workers. D) a repetitive strain injury.

D

If Bill Gates says to the Rolling Stones that he thinks it is unfair for the band to be paid a million dollars for just one song, which theory would best apply? A) Goal-setting theory B) Self-efficacy theory C) Expectancy theory D) Equity theory

D

Job satisfaction is usually measured by what method? A) Watching people to see if they act as if they like their jobs. B) Checking to see if people show up at work. C) Asking their supervisors. D) Asking the people themselves.

D

Little Joey drinks Coke because his favorite athlete drinks Coke. The athlete has___________ power. A) Legitimate B) Reward C) Expert D) Referent

D

Research has suggested that job satisfaction A) is always determined by the characteristics of the job. B) is unrelated to other feelings we have about our jobs. C) is unrelated to general life satisfaction. D) may have a genetic component.

D

The 'it's not my job' mentality where each employee has a defined set of tasks to perform represents which aspect of bureaucracies? A) Line vs. staff B) Span of control C) Delegation of authority D) Division of labor

D

The media naturalness principle states that as communication media diverge from face-to-face communication, which effect should be expected? A) Decreased distraction and increased coordination B) Increased creation and decreased communication C) Decreased participation and increased motivation D) Increased adaptation and decreased satisfaction

D

When using equity theory to compare employees, what is most important? A) Which employee has more inputs. B) Which employee has more outputs. C) Which employee has the greatest sum of outputs and inputs. D) The ratio of inputs to outputs.

D

Which is NOT one of the "Big Five"? A) Emotional stability B) Conscientiousness C) Openness to experience D) Cognitive ability

D

Which theory of motivation claims that motivation and performance are determined, at least in part, by how effective people believe they can be? A) Reinforcement theory B) Needs theory C) Expectancy theory D) Self-efficacy theory

D

With ___________ systems, rewards are contingent on individual units of productivity. A) implicit reward B) expectancy reward C) tangible pay D) Incentive

D