IS 350 Chapter 6-? Quizzes
One of the key reasons why organizations must not rely on external providers for thought leadership is that: -They are oblivious to the internal context of the organization -The are too expensive -They could lead the organization to a self-affirming solution -They know the market and competitors
-They are oblivious to the internal context of the organization
In a best practice scenario, who should own major risks? -The CEO -The CTO -A Committee -The CIO
A committee
The basic idea o a/an ______ is that the owner of one application creates a set of access methods that can be called by another application. -function -API -Program -Method
API
______________ manages the authorization and security between the calling and responding functions of APIs, as well as managing audit and information transformations. -API portfolio -API portal -API meditation -API bundle
API mediation
___________ approach includes the management of APIs over their lifecycle. -API meditation -API portal -API bundle -API portfolio
API portfolio
_______ is a tool that gives developers the ability to discover APIs and experiment with them. -API portal -API meditation -API portfolio -API bundle
API protal
The most visionary form of API value derives from opening up company data and services to a much broader and more open ecosystem of developers and organizations to enable them to create radically new products, services, and business models. This is an example of? -APIs for leveraged products and services -APIs for continuous platform innovation -APIs for improvement -APIs for interorganizational innovation
APIs for continuous platform innovation
_________ provide access to a particular piece of computational logic. -System APIs -Algorithm APIs -Business APIs -Experience APIs
Algorithm APIs
Architecture, security & privacy, Data, Operations, and IT Capabilities are part of: -board governance -IT governance -Business Unit governance -Enterprise IT governance
Enterprise IT governance
_________ is a more comprehensive and integrated approach to dealing with risk. -Risk tolerance -Enterprise risk compliance -Enterprise Risk management -Risk posture
Enterprise Risk Management
_______ shape services for a user interface (UI), such as for a mobile app. -Business APIs -System APIs -Experience APIs -Algorithm APIs
Experience APIs
True/False: Collaboration must occur within a firm's boundaries.
False
True/False: IT-Business relationship is a one-dimensional interaction of people and processes.
False
True/False: In the context of business and IT, management of emerging technologies and thought leadership are essentially the same thing.
False
True/False: The IT-Business relationship is affected by a few people working at the same level in the organization.
False
True/False: The exploration of emerging technologies can or should be outsourced.
False
True/False: Traditional Systems Development LIfecycle (SDLC) approach to IT work is appropriate for ETs.
False
True/False: improving thought leadership in IT involves only accessing and utilizing people's ideas.
False
Which of the following is NOT a type of thought leader? -Natural thought leaders -One-hit wonders -learning thought leaders -Functional thought leaders
Functional thought leaders
The most important way to build trust in the IT-Business relationship is through effective _________. -Management -Data -Compliance -Governance
Governance
A well-designed __________ is a key enabler of technology-driven collaboration. -IT governance -IT architecture -organizational structure -IT strategy
IT architecture
__________ is the system of structures, processes, and roles that collectively oversee these two major components of IT work. -project management -IT risk management -IT Governance -IT assurance
IT governance
___________ are multilevel and complex and frequently occur in parallel with each other. -IT governance -IT processes -Business processes -Fiscal budgeting
IT processes
________ can be defined as a set of beliefs that one party holds about the other and how these beliefs are formed from their interactions. -IT-Business relationship -IT governance -Both a and b -none of the above
IT-Business Relationship
Developing an improved information-processing capability, including accurate and visible information, manipulability, exchangeability, and ease of information transfer is a primary goal for all IT functions in supporting collaboration. This is part of: -Communication -Information and Management -Technology integration -Security and privacy
Information and Management
Collaboration of an organization with the world at large is also known as ________. -Coopetition -Inclusive collaboration -Opportunistic collaboration -Mass collaboration
Mass collaboration
The group stressed the importance of monitoring how a model works in practice and making adjustments to ensure all processes integrate smoothly and efficiently. This is an example of: -Execution -Decision making -Monitor and Iterate -Governance
Monitor and iterate
______ is a non-profit AI research company, which aims to carefully promote and develop friendly AI in order to benefit, rather than harm, humanity as a whole. -Git AI -Open AI -AI.net -Free AI
Open AI
Which stage in the API usage framework provides a branded platform and uses APIs to generate sales through both partners and third parties? -Closed API market; limited API use -Open API market; limited API use -Closed API market; broad API use -Open API market; broad API use
Open API market; broad API use
At what stage in the API usage framework do companies gain experience and confidence to become a modular producer of plug-and-play products or services. -Open API market; broad API use -Closed API market; broad API use -Open API market; limited API use -Closed API market; limited API use
Open API market; limited API use
____________ costs consist of what it costs to "keep the lights on" in IT. -Operations -HR -Technology -Strategic
Operations
Which is not a component of successful collaboration? -Process -People -Payment -Program
Payment
General principles for guiding risk decisions are categorized in a Risk Management Framework as: -Policies and processes -Risk propensity -Policies and Standards -Risk Likelihood
Policies and Standards
True/False: A key feature of collaboration and its associated technology is that it provides a company with access to a much broader range of skills, capabilities, resources, and services than have been traditionally available.
True
True/False: If a new technology doesn't attract a business sponsor, it should generally be shelved.
True
True/False: Often, it is difficult for an existing organization to catch up because of its embedded culture, processes, and systems that are designed for its current structure and activities.
True
True/False: Organizations must seek opportunities to communicate why APM initiatives are is underway, what results have been realized, and what the next stages to be accomplished are.
True
True/False: Thought leadership can be fostered both at an individual and a group level.
True
True/False: Today, IT risk management is a low-key activity focused on delivering projects and keeping applications up and running.
True
True/False: While it is supporting the business in dealing with disruptive forces, IT is also in the midst of being disrupted itself.
True
APIs have gained new attention in recent years because technology start-ups have used them to achieve faster time-to-market and create new functionality. What made this possible? -Startups have legacy system -Startups don't have legacy systems -Startups hire new highly-skilled staff -Startups have funding
Startups don't have legacy systems
Ensuring that sets of applications are well aligned with business needs, and positioning the organization technologically to respond to future initiatives is also knows as __________. -Rapid Application Development -Application Portfolio Management -Agile Management -Service Oriented Architecture
Application Portfolio Management
The conflict between the need for truly integrated initiatives and traditional siloed budgets frequently causes budgeting problems. A proposed solution would be: -adoption of enterprise funding models -decentralization of budgets -federal budgeting -none of the above
adoption of enterprise funding models
Often organizations have separate governance structures - one for innovation and strategic projects and another for execution and operations. IT governance helps __________ them. -integrate -unify -align -market
align
Key APM capabilities include: -strategy and governance -reporting and rationalization -inventory management -all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following options are roadblocks to achieving an ideal future state in the face of disruption? -People, processes, and structures -Technology -All of the above -none of the above
all of the above
Why has Artificial Intelligence suddenly gained attention of businesses despite its existence for several years? -new software, powerful algorithms, natural language processing have evolved to human levels -Huge amounts of data that drive AI are now available -powerful hardware is now accessible through cloud computing -all of the above
all of the above
The focus of the _________ portfolio is on the spending for established applications, trying to balance expense against value. -application -project -system -enterprise
application
______________ is the information providing criteria used to group applications for comparison and portfolio management purposes (e.g., business capability provided, life cycle status). -application information -application categorization -technical condition -enterprise architecture
application categorization
Senior leadership should be involved in: -board governance -IT governance -Business Unit governance -Enterprise IT governance
board governance
Governance operates at three levels: -board, functions, geography -board, enterprise IT, business unit -products, processes, ecosystems -teams, leaders, products
board, enterprise IT, business unit
The intersection of which elements are necessary to make thought leadership central to IT-enabled innovation: -Business context and opportunities -Technical environment and technology opportunities -Both a and b -none of the above
both a and b
To get an APM initiative underway, it is necessary to build a/an ____________. -Argument -Project Plan -Application Portfolio -Business Case
business case
What is not a characteristic of the IT-Business relationship? -IT has to keep proving itself -The business is often disengaged from IT work -business expectations of the IT remain constant -business assumptions of IT tend to cluster
business expectations of IT remain constant
Fiscal IT budgets (i.e., those prepared for the CFO) are broken down into two major categories: -capital expenditures -operating expenses -HR expenses -technology expenses
capital expenditures, operating expenses
___________ is a financial management technique that charges consumers according to the volume of IT services consumed (i.e., operations) or work done on their behalf (i.e., new development). -project portfolio management -service catalog -chargeback -pay-per-use
chargeback
Business and IT have different expectations and accountabilities that may lead to lack of trust. This is an example of the ________ of the IT-business relationship. -novelty -level -strength -complexity
complexity
The process of allocating the cost of the services IT provides to others' budgets is called: -budgeting -cost allocation -cost management -IT governance
cost allocation
Experiments and proofs of concept that explore how to make sense of new technologies and ways of working are similar to: -scanning the environment -creating learning options -responding to rivals -creating an innovative culture
creating learning options
________ is the belief that others can be counted on to do what they say they will do. -accountability -credibility -responsibility -trust
creditbility
The most challenging area of governance at present for many companies is: -security -data -architecture -cloud
data
________ are technologies that are acquired by the business for their own specific purposes without reference to formal IT processes. -Push technologies -Pull technologies -Decentralized technologies -Federated technologies
decentralized technologies
_______ management not only helps IT organizations shape demand, but also plan for demand and respond to changes in demand to meet business needs while controlling their IT budgets. -supply -innovation -demand -development
demand
_____________ involves embracing new and different technologies in ways that challenge operational and value assumptions and integrate them with existing technologies to deliver new products, services, business models, revenue streams and/or customer/stakeholder experiences. -Digital capabilities -Digital marketing -Digital transformation -digital strategy
digital transformation
Often ______ is the result of a combination of the new capabilities offered by a technology, complementary products and services that build on that technology, and changes in the expectations of and behaviors in a culture, market, or process as a result. -innovation -disruption -interruption -change
disruption
Moving quickly from assessment to pilot to a decision about broader adoption is a good way to deal with what type of uncertainty? -Technological uncertainty -market uncertainty -Economic uncertainty -governance uncertainty
economic uncertainty
What enables an organization to work with stakeholders, both leadership and subject matter experts, to build a holistic view of the organization's strategy, processes, information, and information technology assets? -Governance and transparency -enterprise architecture -application portfolio management -strategic initiative management
enterprise architecture
Which of the following activities is NOT part of the corporate context within which IT plans and budgets are created: -Establish IT governance -Establish fiscal strategy -Set IT spending levels -Establish strategic goals
establish IT governance
IT-Business relationship trust levels are low due to the lack of clarity around ________ and _______. -expectations; accountabilities -expectations; responsibilities -compensation; accountabilities -strategy; alignment
expectations; accountabilities
Hazards, such as disasters, pandemics, geopolitical upheavals or environmental are examples of: -Sustainable risks -Internal risks -External risks -Criminal interference
external risks
True/False: A total cost of ownership (TCO) initiative and an APM initiative must be kept separate.
false
True/False: APIs allow organizations access to data and chunks of external functionality only
false
True/False: IT's traditional risk-taking approach to technology works well in disruptive environment.
false
Effective IT budgeting is important because it assists with (choose two options): -alignment -governance -fiscal discipline -strategy implementation
fiscal discipline, strategy implementation
In large organizations, IT governance is achieved through an integrated __________ of organizational groups that provide oversight in different areas. -framework -teams -units -leaders
framework
Use of _________ teams creates opportunities to build relationships and stimulate ideas. -multidisciplinary -functional -virtual -small
functional
Effective _________ starts with ownership, which entails responsibilities and accountabilities. -governance -inventory management -knowledge -innovation
governance
____________ is needed to avoid overstating the short-term benefits of delivering the desired capability and understating the long-term costs of maintaining it. -governance and transparency -enterprise architecture -application portfolio management -strategic initiative management
governance and transparency
There is wide recognition that collaboration technology, used properly, can make _______ work more effective. -group -organizational -difficult -individual
group
Focusing on what is important, expecting changes over time, and viewing risk from multiple levels and perspectives are part of: -enterprise risk management -enterprise governance -holistic risk managment -organizational risk managment
holistic risk management
The first step to develop thought leadership is to harvest ________. -Ideas -People -both a and b -none of the above
ideas
Moving to new modes of ________ and _________ is likely to have dramatic impacts on the structure and function of the IT organization of the future. -governance; management -infrastructure; service delivery -innovation; operations -competition; measurement
infrastructure; service delivery
Which of the following is not an obstacle to management of IT applications? -resources -change management -integrated systems -lack of buy-in
integrated systems
The source of criminal interference can be: -internal -internal or external -external -none of the above
internal or external
Which of the following is not a source of internal risk? -people -operations -process -legal
legal
____________ is where algorithms that improve automatically through experience are used for processing and decision-making. -Natural language processing -machine learning -robotics -neural networks
machine learning
IT work involves two major components: -making decisions about what work to do (i.e., strategy) -managing deliverables (i.e., project management) -delivering the work (i.e., execution) -measuring the work (i.e., evaluation)
making decisions about what work to do, delivering the work
Which of the following is NOT a component for IT governance for senior leaders: -clear understanding of how IT decisions are made -clarify business strategies and IT's role in achieving them -measure and manage IT investments -manage HR expectations
manage HR expectations
Four major components are needed to build a strong business-IT relationship: competence, credibility, ________, and trust. -Technical skills -business skills -interpersonal skills -management skills
management skills
Ambiguity about how the market will respond to an innovative new technology or application is called: -technological uncertainty -market uncertainty -economic uncertainty -governance uncertainty
market uncertainty
Circumstances under which governance should be completely re-evaluated include: -changes in the economy -changes in strategy -changes in customers -merger or major change in strategy
merger or major change in strategy
__________ includes a variety of technologies that facilitate conversational interfaces between humans and a machine. -Neural networks -robotics -machine learning
natural language processing
________ aim to mimic brain connections. -Robotics -Machine learning -Natural language processing -Neural networks
neural networks
Which of the following is a source of organizational disruption? -New management -New structural changes -New governance mechanisms -New delivery methods
new delivery methods
Which of the following is not a source of organizational disruption? -New products and services -new risks -new structural changes -new demands
new structural changes
IT managers plan their spending using two different categories: -operations costs -HR costs -strategic investments -technology costs
operation costs, strategic investments
The _______ perspective says that organizations need to "run" the business and this translates into baseline demand for IT. -demand -operational -supply -DevOps
operational
Another key principle of any collaboration program is designing a working environment where underexplored relationships between people data, and applications can become visible) This is called: -planned serendipity -unplanned serendipity -governance -planning
planned serendipity
Tools, technologies, and standards that enable people to share data and to work together seamlessly fro a variety of locations form a ______. -portfolio -application -platform -service
platform
IT _______ are such a significant obstacle to change that some organizations may just give up the effort. -processes -issues -policies -resources
processes
__________ is the unarticulated set of working behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that serves as the glue which keeps teams of diverse individuals working together toward the same goal. -governance -professionalism -management -ethics
professionalism
Management of the ________ portfolio focuses on future spending, attempting to balance IT cost-reduction efforts and investments to develop new capabilities with technology and application upgrades. -application -project -system -enterprise
project
With effective _______________, demands for IT resources are vetted in accordance with governance procedures that result in a justified list of IT investments that satisfy the needs of business leaders. -project portfolio management -service catalog -chargeback -pay-per-use
project portfolio management
_________ are technologies that business functions or application development request to meet their specific needs. -push technologies -pull technologies -decentralized technologies -federated technologies
pull technologies
________ are technologies that vendors are selling to create demand. -push technologies -pull technologies -decentralized technologies -federated technologies
push technologies
Which of the following is not a component of managing emerging technologies? -Identification -Assessment for business and technical potential -rapid implementation across the organization -connection with real business needs and opportunities
rapid implementation across the organization
Organizations rationalize their IT application portfolio by tracking applications over time as they become less important to the business and/or lose technical currency. This is part of: -strategy and governance -reporting and rationalization -inventory management -all of the above
reporting and rationalization
__________ should serve as a high-level overview of how risk is to be managed in an enterprise and can also act as a structure for reporting on risk at various levels of detail. -Risk policy -Risk and compliance management -Enterprise risk management -Risk management framework
risk management framework
Establishing controls, practices, and tools for addressing each type of risk is also known as: -risk profiling -risk mitigation -risk assessment -risk control
risk mitigation
___________ is an ongoing process because levels and types of risks are changing continually. -Risk response -Risk reporting -Risk monitoring -Risk policy
risk monitoring
___________ is where machines do physical work, which can range from manufacturing, to supply delivery in a building, to complex laboratory processing such as blood tests. -robotics -neural networks -natural language processing -machine learning
robotics
In order to separate maintenance and support from new project development, IT managers must: -Separate operations from innovation -integrate both -go to the board for clarity -prioritize
separate operations from innovation
In _____________, discrete IT service offerings are associated with a price per unit. -project portfolio management -service catalog -chargeback -pay-per-use
service catalog
In assessing emerging technologies, _______ refers to indicators of value to a firm's core business. -Metrics -proposition -noise -signal
signal
The first goal of managing disruption is to_________. -Survive -Remain calm -stay relevant -respond quickly
stay relevant
______________ is the organizational mechanism for prioritizing and funding IT investments at the enterprise level. -governance and transparency -enterprise architecture -application portfolio management -strategic initiative management
strategic initiative management
IT organizations' "do more with less," approach focuses on ____ side activities (e.g., virtualization, data center consolidation, benchmarking, contract renegotiation). -supply -demand
supply
A thought leader often connects the dots between their idea and other people's ideas. This characteristic is also called ________. -Alignment -Fit -Synthesis -Integration
synthesis
Ambiguity about the maturity, complexity, or interoperability of any new technology is also called: -technological uncertainty -market uncertainty -economic uncertainty -governance uncertainty
technological uncertainty
___________ is especially critical when working with AI because AI can detect unique and unanticipated patterns in data. -process design -testing and audit -governance and compliance -risk management
testing and audit
A ______ is an authority in a specialized field whose expertise is sought and often rewarded. -Thought leader -expert -CIO -apple genius
thought leader
True/False: Governance procedures reduce overall demand for IT resources, but more importantly they focus limited IT resources on the "right" systems.
true
True/False: IT plans and budgets need attention more frequently than once a year.
true
True/False: It is critical that people and organizations be able to trust what AI technology is able to do.
true
True/False: The API economy can be viewed as a set of business models and channels.
true
A key principle of any collaboration program is the recognition that we don't always know who will make the greatest contribution to a problem in advance. This is also known as: -Surprises -Unknowns -Emergence -None of the above
Emergence
What do IT risk incidents not do? -Dampen an organization's ability to compete -Enable profitability -Damage corporate reputations -Harm constituencies both within and outside companies
Enable profitability
From a __________ perspective, IT is called upon to deliver new capability to enable the business to remain competitive in the marketplace. -operational -development -supply -DevOps
Development
________ are composable services that include logic, such as "customer lookup," or "provide account summary," or "present a consolidated view." -System APIs -Business APIs -Algorithm APIs -Expertise APIs
Business APIs
Discretionary IT decision-making is art of: -Board governance -IT governance -Business Unit governance -Enterprise IT governance
Business Unit Governance
_________ stage in the API usage framework uses APIs to enable a limited number of partners to more broadly share data and functionality -Open API market; broad API use -Open API market; limited API use -Closed API market; limited API use -Closed API market; broad API use
Closed API market; broad API use
_________ stage in the API usage framework uses APIs to help organizations improve internally. -Closed API market; limited API use -Open API market; broad API use -Closed API market; broad API use -Open API market; limited API use
Closed API market; limited API use
_________ is a human activity whereas collaboration technology is the hardware, software, and applications that enable the work of collaboration. -Collaborating -Explaining -Interacting -Meeting
Collaborating
Organizations can build _______ by finding ways to develop business knowledge in all IT staff. -Alignment -Accountability -Competence -Responsibility
Competence
Organizations can build _______ by finding ways to develop business knowledge in all IT staff. -Responsibility -Accountability -Alignment -Competence
Competence
People follow thought leaders because they believe in what they're selling because of their _______. -Expertise -Knowledge -Credibility -Competence
Credibility
________ is the lifeblood of AI. -Processes -Value -People -Data
Data
In assessing emerging technologies, _________ refers to factoids, assertions, and beliefs about a technology that are not meaningful. -Metrics -Proposition -Noise -Signal
Noise
Which of the following is not a component of thought leadership? -Energizing others around new possibilities -Providing market reports -Applying technology for value -Sparking innovation with new ideas
Providing market reports
__________ is central to dealing with disruption and can spell the difference between planned change and survival. -Speed of response -Technological change -Innovation -Merger
Speed of response
_____________ provide a means of communicating and interacting with legacy systems. -Experience APIs -Business APIs -System APIs -Algorithm APIs
System APIs
Which of the following is NOT part of the IT processes (for budgeting): -Function IT budget -Fiscal IT budget -Strategic IT budget -Assess actual spending
Strategic IT budget
Spending on initiatives and technology designed to deliver new business value and achieve the enterprises's strategic objectives is known as: -operations -HR -technology -strategic investments
Strategic investments