IS 52 Exam 2 (Ch. 13 terms)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Two protocols developed for the internet that the TCP/ IP were named after
HTML embedded scripting language
tucks programming code directly within the HTML of a web page
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
updated extension of SSL
dynamic addressing
your computer is assigned a temporary address from an available pool of IP addresses
Root DNS server
13 servers that know the location of all the DNS servers that contain the master listings for an entire top level domain
Internet backbone
A collection of large national and international networks, most of which are owned by commercial, educational, or government organizations.
Dynamic HTML (DHTML)
A combination of technologies—HTML, cascading style sheets, and JavaScript—used to create lively and interactive websites.
Packet Switching
A communications methodology that makes computer communication efficient; in packet switching, data is broken into smaller chunks called packets.
second-level domain
A domain that's directly below a top-level domain. (Ex: Dropbox.com... "Dropbox" is the second level domain to the .com top level domain)
optical carrier (OC) line
A high-speed fiber-optic line.
Public Key Encryption
A method of paired key encryption in which the key used to encrypt data is made available to anybody and its corresponding decryption key is kept secret.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
A network security protocol that provides for the encryption of data transmitted using the Internet.
Handshaking
A process where a protocol helps two network devices communicate.
client-side program
A program that runs on the client computer and that requires no interaction with a web server.
Internet cache
A section of the hard drive that stores information that may be needed again, such as Internet protocol addresses and frequently accessed web pages.
Applet
A small application located on a server; when requested, the applet is downloaded to the client.
Internet of Things (IoT)
A term for the explosive growth of Internet-enabled devices.
server-side program
A type of program that runs on a web server rather than on a computer.
T line
Carried digital data over twisted pair wires
Commerce servers
Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods and services over the web.
Web Server
Computers that run specialize operating systems, enabling them to host web pages and other information and to provide requested information to clients
Internet Exchange Point (IXP)
Connects ISPs like Verizon and Comcast. Made up of one or more network switches to which ISPs connect.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Created for the transfer of hypertext documents across the internet
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Creates packets
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Describes the content in terms of what data is being described rather than how it's to be displayed.
proprietary system (private system)
Direct opposite of open system. System is private
connection-less protocol
Doesn't require any type of connection to be established or maintained between two computers exchanging information
Octet
Each of the four numbers in a dotted decimal number
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
Specification for sending files as attachments to e-mail
email servers
specialized computers whose sole function is to store, process, and send email
Point of Presence (POP)
A bank of modems, servers, routers, and switches through which Internet users connect to an Internet service provider simultaneously
hexadecimal digit
Base 16 number system. Each decimal digit is one of 16 possible values: 0-9 or A-F
public key
How the coding key is distributed. Can be placed on a website for anyone to download so they can code the message they wish to send uou
Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)
IP addressing scheme developed by the IETF to make IP addresses longer thereby providing more available IP addresses. Uses 128 bit addressing instead of 32 bit
JSON
JavaScript Object Notation; a data interchange standard that is easy for humans to read and write
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
List of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements
static addressing
Means the IP address for a computer never changes and is most likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an ISP
client/server model
Network of communications that the majority of internet communications follow
key pair
One key used for coding and the other for decoding
HTML tags
Pairs that surround blocks of text in HTML documents. Surround and define HTML content
Encryption
Refers to the process of coding your email so that only one person with the key to the code can decode the message
Dotted decimal number/ dotted quad
The form IP addresses are in.
TCP/IP
The main suite of protocols
Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)
The original IP addressing scheme.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
The way dynamic addressing is usually handled. Belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. Takes a pool of IP addresses and shares them with hosts on the network on an as needed basis
Document Object Model (DOM)
Used by JavaScript to organize objects and page elements.
three-way handshake
Used by TCP to establish a connection.
private key
Used for decoding the encrypted message. You're the only one who possesses and is highly secure
Packets (data packets)
What data is broken into during packet switching. Sent over various routes at the same tine and reassembled by receiving computer
Element
What each pair of tags and the text between them are collectively referred to as
open system
When the design of a system is made public for access by any interested party
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
Where IP addresses must be registered to ensure they're unique and haven't been assigned to other users
Circuit Switching
a dedicated connection is formed between two points and the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission
computer protocol
a set of rules for exchanging electronic information
JavaScript
commonly used scripting language for creating DHTML effects
File servers
computers that are deployed to provide remote storage space or to act as storehouses for files that users can download
Hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS)
ensures that data is sent securely over the web
Domain Name System (DNS) server
functions like a phone book for the internet
private key encryption
only the two parties involved in sending the message have the code
connection-oriented protocol
requires two computers to exchange control packets, thereby setting up the parameters of the data-exchange session, before sending packets that contain data
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
responsible for sending e-mail along the Internet to its destination