IS 52 Exam 2 (Ch. 13 terms)

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Two protocols developed for the internet that the TCP/ IP were named after

HTML embedded scripting language

tucks programming code directly within the HTML of a web page

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

updated extension of SSL

dynamic addressing

your computer is assigned a temporary address from an available pool of IP addresses

Root DNS server

13 servers that know the location of all the DNS servers that contain the master listings for an entire top level domain

Internet backbone

A collection of large national and international networks, most of which are owned by commercial, educational, or government organizations.

Dynamic HTML (DHTML)

A combination of technologies—HTML, cascading style sheets, and JavaScript—used to create lively and interactive websites.

Packet Switching

A communications methodology that makes computer communication efficient; in packet switching, data is broken into smaller chunks called packets.

second-level domain

A domain that's directly below a top-level domain. (Ex: Dropbox.com... "Dropbox" is the second level domain to the .com top level domain)

optical carrier (OC) line

A high-speed fiber-optic line.

Public Key Encryption

A method of paired key encryption in which the key used to encrypt data is made available to anybody and its corresponding decryption key is kept secret.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A network security protocol that provides for the encryption of data transmitted using the Internet.

Handshaking

A process where a protocol helps two network devices communicate.

client-side program

A program that runs on the client computer and that requires no interaction with a web server.

Internet cache

A section of the hard drive that stores information that may be needed again, such as Internet protocol addresses and frequently accessed web pages.

Applet

A small application located on a server; when requested, the applet is downloaded to the client.

Internet of Things (IoT)

A term for the explosive growth of Internet-enabled devices.

server-side program

A type of program that runs on a web server rather than on a computer.

T line

Carried digital data over twisted pair wires

Commerce servers

Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods and services over the web.

Web Server

Computers that run specialize operating systems, enabling them to host web pages and other information and to provide requested information to clients

Internet Exchange Point (IXP)

Connects ISPs like Verizon and Comcast. Made up of one or more network switches to which ISPs connect.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Created for the transfer of hypertext documents across the internet

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Creates packets

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Describes the content in terms of what data is being described rather than how it's to be displayed.

proprietary system (private system)

Direct opposite of open system. System is private

connection-less protocol

Doesn't require any type of connection to be established or maintained between two computers exchanging information

Octet

Each of the four numbers in a dotted decimal number

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

Specification for sending files as attachments to e-mail

email servers

specialized computers whose sole function is to store, process, and send email

Point of Presence (POP)

A bank of modems, servers, routers, and switches through which Internet users connect to an Internet service provider simultaneously

hexadecimal digit

Base 16 number system. Each decimal digit is one of 16 possible values: 0-9 or A-F

public key

How the coding key is distributed. Can be placed on a website for anyone to download so they can code the message they wish to send uou

Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)

IP addressing scheme developed by the IETF to make IP addresses longer thereby providing more available IP addresses. Uses 128 bit addressing instead of 32 bit

JSON

JavaScript Object Notation; a data interchange standard that is easy for humans to read and write

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

List of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements

static addressing

Means the IP address for a computer never changes and is most likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an ISP

client/server model

Network of communications that the majority of internet communications follow

key pair

One key used for coding and the other for decoding

HTML tags

Pairs that surround blocks of text in HTML documents. Surround and define HTML content

Encryption

Refers to the process of coding your email so that only one person with the key to the code can decode the message

Dotted decimal number/ dotted quad

The form IP addresses are in.

TCP/IP

The main suite of protocols

Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)

The original IP addressing scheme.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

The way dynamic addressing is usually handled. Belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. Takes a pool of IP addresses and shares them with hosts on the network on an as needed basis

Document Object Model (DOM)

Used by JavaScript to organize objects and page elements.

three-way handshake

Used by TCP to establish a connection.

private key

Used for decoding the encrypted message. You're the only one who possesses and is highly secure

Packets (data packets)

What data is broken into during packet switching. Sent over various routes at the same tine and reassembled by receiving computer

Element

What each pair of tags and the text between them are collectively referred to as

open system

When the design of a system is made public for access by any interested party

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Where IP addresses must be registered to ensure they're unique and haven't been assigned to other users

Circuit Switching

a dedicated connection is formed between two points and the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission

computer protocol

a set of rules for exchanging electronic information

JavaScript

commonly used scripting language for creating DHTML effects

File servers

computers that are deployed to provide remote storage space or to act as storehouses for files that users can download

Hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS)

ensures that data is sent securely over the web

Domain Name System (DNS) server

functions like a phone book for the internet

private key encryption

only the two parties involved in sending the message have the code

connection-oriented protocol

requires two computers to exchange control packets, thereby setting up the parameters of the data-exchange session, before sending packets that contain data

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

responsible for sending e-mail along the Internet to its destination