IS380 CH1 -4

35. The hierarchical data model was developed in the _____. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

a. 1960s

31. A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. a. entity b. attribute c. relationship d. constraint

a. entity

27. The conceptual model can handle _____ relationships and multivalued attributes. a. 1:1 b. M:N c. 1:M d. 1:N

b. M:N

36. In the _____ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent. a. hierarchical b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship

b. network

36. _____ data exist in the format in which they were collected. a. Structured b. Semistructured c. Unstructured d. Historical

c. Unstructured

26. A(n) _____ is a restriction placed on the data. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint

d. constraint

34. Knowing the minimum and maximum number of _____ occurrences is very helpful at the application software level. a. object b. attribute c. data d. entity

d. entity

43. The _____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text. a. hierarchical b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship

d. entity relationship

43. A _____ is a collection of related records. a. schema b. field c. column d. file

d. file

22. Each table _____ represents an attribute. a. column b. row c. dimension d. value

a. column

44. The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design. a. 1:1 b. 1:M c. M:1 d. M:N

a. 1:1

29. The decision to store _____ attributes in database tables depends on the processing requirements and the constraints placed on a particular application. a. multivalued b. derived c. single-valued d. composite

b. derived

30. A relationship is an association between _____. a. objects b. entities c. databases d. fields

b. entities

22. A(n) _____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint

b. entity

39. A _____ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a single entity. a. unary b. ternary c. strong d. weak

a. unary

37. _____ are especially useful when you are trying to determine what values in related tables cause referential integrity problems. a. Inner joins b. Outer joins c. Equijoins d. Theta joins

b. Outer joins

22. The _____ notation of entity-relationship modelling can be used for both conceptual and implementation modelling. a. Bachman b. UML c. Chen d. Crow's Foot

b. UML

39. Oracle 12c, MS SQL Server, and Tamino are examples of _____ data models. a. hierarchical b. file system c. relational d. XML Hybrid

d. XML Hybrid

26. _____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database. a. DBMSs b. Metadata c. End-user data d. Programming languages

a. DBMSs

29. _____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places. a. Data inconsistency b. Poor data security c. Structural dependence d. Conceptual dependence

a. Data inconsistency

43. The entity relationship model uses the associative entity to represent a(n) _____ relationship between two or more entities. a. M:N b. 1:M c. N:1 d. M:1

a. M:N

34. _____ returns only the attributes requested, in the order in which they are requested. a. PROJECT b. SELECT c. UNION d. DIFFERENCE

a. PROJECT

21. _____ logic, used extensively in mathematics, provides a framework in which an assertion (statement of fact) can be verified as either true or false. a. Predicate b. Database c. Relational d. Index

a. Predicate

38. _____ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information. a. Structured data b. Raw data c. Unstructured data d. Obsolete data

a. Structured data

24. A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint

a. attribute

25. A _____ attribute can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes. a. composite b. simple c. single-valued d. multivalued

a. composite

39. A _____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system. a. data dictionary b. relational schema c. logical schema d. database

a. data dictionary

23. A(n) _____ is the set of possible values for a given attribute. a. domain b. range c. identifier d. key

a. domain

30. The CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of _____ integrity. a. entity b. referential c. relational d. null

a. entity

35. An entity is said to be _____-dependent if it can exist in the database only when it is associated with another related entity occurrence. a. existence b. relationship c. business d. data

a. existence

33. In the _____ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree. a. hierarchical b. network c. relational d. entity relationship

a. hierarchical

34. In the _____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent. a. hierarchical b. network c. relational d. entity relationship

a. hierarchical

29. Referential _____ dictates that the foreign key must contain values that match the primary key in the related table, or must contain null. a. integrity b. uniqueness c. model d. attribute

a. integrity

24. Ideally, an entity identifier is composed of _____ attribute(s). a. one b. two c. three d. six

a. one

35. A data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the _____. a. operational databases b. desktop database c. enterprise databases d. workgroup databases

a. operational databases

34. A desktop database is a _____ database. a. single-user b. multiuser c. workgroup d. distributed

a. single-user

25. A _____ is any key that uniquely identifies each row. a. superkey b. special key c. foreign key d. candidate key

a. superkey

33. When the specific cardinalities are not included on the diagram in Crow's Foot notation, cardinality is implied by the use of _____. a. symbols b. attributes c. images d. tables

a. symbols

32. In the entity relationship diagram (ERD), cardinality is indicated using the _____ notation, where max is the maximum number of associated entities and min represents the minimum number of associated entities. a. (max, min) b. (min, max) c. [min ... max] d. {min|max}

b. (min, max)

42. The relational data model was developed in the _____. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

b. 1970s

43. The _____ relationship is the "relational model ideal." a. 1:1 b. 1:M c. M:1 d. M:N

b. 1:M

31. The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column. a. UNIQUE b. NOT NULL c. VALUE d. EMPTY

b. NOT NULL

42. To simplify the conceptual design, most higher-order relationships are decomposed into appropriate equivalent _____ relationships whenever possible. a. unary b. binary c. strong d. weak

b. binary

26. A _____ key can be described as a minimal superkey, a superkey without any unnecessary attributes. a. secondary b. candidate c. primary d. foreign

b. candidate

27. The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____. a. single file b. collection of files c. set of key/value pairs d. collection of queries

b. collection of files

45. The first step in building an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is _____. a. developing the initial ERD b. creating a detailed narrative of the organization's description of operations c. identifying the attributes and primary keys that adequately describe the entities d. identifying the business rules based on the description of operations

b. creating a detailed narrative of the organization's description of operations

28. A derived attribute is indicated in the Chen notation by a _____ that connects the attribute and an entity. a. single line b. dashed line c. double dashed line d. double line

b. dashed line

41. A(n) _____ enables a database administrator to describe schema components. a. extensible markup language (XML) b. data definition language (DDL) c. unified modeling language (UML) d. query language

b. data definition language (DDL)

23. A(n) _____ represents a particular type of object in the real world. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. node

b. entity

44. A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning. a. database b. field c. record d. file

b. field

38. VMS/VSAM is an example of the _____. a. hierarchical model b. file system data model c. relational data model d. XML data model

b. file system data model

23. Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to ____. a. data management b. good decision making c. knowledge d. understanding

b. good decision making

41. In a database context, the word _____ indicates the use of the same attribute name to label different attributes. a. redundancy b. homonym c. duplicate d. synonym

b. homonym

38. A(n) _____ only returns matched records from the tables that are being joined. a. outer join b. inner join c. equijoin d. theta join

b. inner join

41. The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by _______. a. its date of creation b. its expected use c. the title of the documents in the folder d. the data processing specialist

b. its expected use

24. In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable. a. relations b. keys c. indexes d. logical structures

b. keys

33. A workgroup database is a(n) _____ database. a. single-user b. multiuser c. desktop d. distributed

b. multiuser

38. The existence of a(n) _____ entity indicates that its minimum cardinality is zero. a. ternary b. optional c. strong d. weak

b. optional

24. End-user data is _____. a. knowledge about the end users b. raw facts of interest to the end user c. information about a specific subject d. accurate, relevant and timely

b. raw facts of interest to the end user

39. Most data that can be encountered are best classified as _____. a. structured b. semistructured c. unstructured d. historical

b. semistructured

26. A _____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided. a. composite b. simple c. single-valued d. multivalued

b. simple

35. When two or more tables share the same number of columns, and when their corresponding columns share the same or compatible domains, they are said to be _____. a. intersect-compatible b. union-compatible c. difference-compatible d. select-compatible

b. union-compatible

37. A _____ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship. a. strong b. weak c. business d. child

b. weak

32. A(n) _____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization. a. desktop b. workgroup c. enterprise d. transactional

b. workgroup

37. The object-oriented data model was developed in the _____. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

c. 1980s

23. Date attributes contain calendar dates stored in a special format known as the _____ date format. a. Epoch b. calendar c. Julian d. logical

c. Julian

22. _____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject. a. Validation b. A format c. Knowledge d. A database

c. Knowledge

45. _____ relationships can be implemented by creating a new entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities. a. 1:N b. M:1 c. M:N d. 1:1

c. M:N

25. _____ provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database. a. Queries b. End-user data c. Metadata d. Schemas

c. Metadata

30. Which of the following is true of business rules? a. They allow the designer to set company policies with regard to data. b. They allow the designer to develop business processes. c. They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers. d. They provide a framework for the company's self-actualization.

c. They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.

37. _____ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information. a. Structured b. Semistructured c. Unstructured d. Historical

c. Unstructured

31. A(n) _____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments. a. desktop b. workgroup c. enterprise d. transactional

c. enterprise

21. A(n) _____'s main function is to help one understand the complexities of the real-world environment. a. node b. entity c. model d. database

c. model

46. The _____ data model is said to be a semantic data model. a. relational b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship

c. object-oriented

30. The response of the DBMS to a query is the ___________ a. ad hoc query b. ad hoc response c. query result set d. integrated view of the data

c. query result set

42. A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing. a. database b. column c. record d. file

c. record

40. MySQL is an example of the _____. a. hierarchical model b. file system data model c. relational data model d. XML data model

c. relational data model

25. A(n) _____ is bidirectional. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint

c. relationship

32. A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. a. entity b. attribute c. relationship d. constraint

c. relationship

42. In a database context, a(n) _____ indicates the use of different names to describe the same attribute. a. entity b. duplicate c. synonym d. homonym

c. synonym

40. A _____ relationship exists when three entities are associated. a. unary b. strong c. ternary d. weak

c. ternary

31. _____ expresses the minimum and maximum number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity. a. Connectivity b. Relationship c. Dependence d. Cardinality

d. Cardinality

27. _____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity. a. Attributes b. Entities c. Relationships d. Constraints

d. Constraints

28. _____ are normally expressed in the form of rules. a. Attributes b. Entities c. Relationships d. Constraints

d. Constraints

21. _____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts. a. End-user data b. An encoded sample c. An encrypted bit d. Information

d. Information

32. To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key relational operators _____, PROJECT, and JOIN. a. INTERSECT b. UNION c. DIFFERENCE d. SELECT

d. SELECT

33. _____, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that satisfy a given condition. a. INTERSECT b. UNION c. DIFFERENCE d. SELECT

d. SELECT

45. Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications? a. They provide enhanced security and robust data sharing features. b. They do not allow manipulation of data once entered. c. They are a better alternative to databases. d. They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.

d. They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.

28. A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program. a. query b. operating system c. database management system d. application

d. application

21. The entity relationship diagram (ERD) represents the _____ database as viewed by the end user. a. condensed b. physical c. logical d. conceptual

d. conceptual

45. The _____ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types. a. relational b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship

d. entity relationship

27. A _____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute. a. superkey b. composite primary key c. candidate key d. foreign key

d. foreign key

29. Students and classes have a _____ relationship. a. one-to-one b. one-to-many c. many-to-one d. many-to-many

d. many-to-many

36. A(n) _____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s). a. attribute b. unique c. foreign d. natural

d. natural

41. If an employee within an EMPLOYEE entity has a relationship with itself, that relationship is known as a _____ relationship. a. self b. self-referring c. looping d. recursive

d. recursive

28. A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes. a. lookup b. foreign c. candidate d. secondary

d. secondary

40. An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data. a. structured b. multistructured c. fullystructured d. semistructured

d. semistructured

44. When using the Crow's Foot notation, the associative entity is indicated by _____ relationship lines between the parents and the associative entity. a. dotted b. double c. triple d. solid

d. solid

36. If an entity can exist apart from all of its related entities, then it is existence-independent, and it is referred to as a(n) _____ entity. a. weak b. alone c. unary d. strong

d. strong

40. The _____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents. a. database tuple b. systematic database c. unique index d. system catalog

d. system catalog