ISM 4113 (CH 8)

What are repeating groups and multivalued attributes? Provide an example of each.

: A multivalued attribute is an attribute that may assume more than one value for each entity instance. A repeating group is a related set of multivalued attributes. Using a student and the courses she takes as an example, the course number, name, and grade are multivalued attributes and repeat for each course that the student takes.

A(n) ________ class is a class that has no direct instances but whose descendants may have direct instances. A) Abstract B) Concrete C) Object D) Associative

A) Abstract

On what basis are objects referenced, selected, qualified, sorted, and categorized? A) Attributes and secondary keys B) Entities C) Primary keys D) Index

A) Attributes and secondary keys

________ rules are specifications that preserve the integrity of the logical data model. A) Business B) Disjoint C) Overlap D) Total specialization

A) Business

The ________ defines the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A. A) Cardinality B) Relationship C) Identifier D) Association

A) Cardinality

A(n) ________ data model is a detailed model that captures the overall structure of organizational data that is independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations. A) Conceptual B) Physical C) Logical D) Entity

A) Conceptual

Which benefit of purchased data models refers to the fact that they are very general, covering almost all options employed by the associated functional area or industry? A) Consistent and complete B) Validated C) Cost reduction D) Facilitates systems analysis

A) Consistent and complete

A(n) ________ is an attribute whose value can be computed from related attribute values. A) Derived attribute B) Composite attribute C) Required attribute D) Optional attribute

A) Derived attribute

A(n) ________ is the data manipulation operation (insert, delete, or update) that initiates the operation. A) Event B) User rule C) Action D) Condition

A) Event

Event entity types should be named for the result of the ________, not the activity or process of the event. A) Event B) Class C) Entity D) Object

A) Event

An entity ________ is a single occurrence of an entity type. A) Instance B) Object C) Attribute D) Class

A) Instance

A(n) ________ is an attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance. A) Multi-valued attribute B) Single-valued attribute C) Identifier D) Candidate key

A) Multi-valued attribute

A unary relationship is a relationship between the instances of ________ entity type(s). A) One B) Two C) Three D) Five

A) One

Similar attributes of different entity types should use ________ but distinguishing names. A) Similar B) Different C) Unique D) Duplicate

A) Similar

The ________ of an object encompasses its properties (attributes and relationships) and the values of those properties. A) State B) Condition C) Behavior D) Event

A) State

Which business rule specifies the validity of attribute values? A) Triggering operations B) Referential integrity C) Entity integrity D) Domains

A) Triggering operations

An entity ________ is described just once in a data model, whereas many ________ of that may be represented by data stored in the database. A) Type; instances B) Type; classes C) Instance; types D) Class; objects

A) Type; instances

A(n) ________ is an entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances. A) Relationship B) Associative entity C) Identifier D) Cardinality

B) Associative entity

A ________ relationship is a relationship between instances of two entity types and is the most common type of relationship encountered in data modeling. A) Secondary B) Binary C) Primary D) Ternary

B) Binary

A(n) ________ is an attribute that has meaningful component parts. A) Optional attribute B) Composite attribute C) Required attribute D) Derived attribute

B) Composite attribute

A part-of relationship in which parts belong to only one whole object, and the parts live and die with the whole object is called ________. A) Method B) Composition C) Aggregation D) Polymorphism

B) Composition

The ________ of a relationship is the number of entity types that participate in that relationship. A) Object B) Degree C) Identifier D) Measure

B) Degree

The ________ is the technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view. A) Query operation B) Encapsulation C) Constructor operation D) Update operation

B) Encapsulation

A(n) ________ is a specification that indicates how many objects participate in a given relationship. A) Association role B) Multiplicity C) Association D) Object class

B) Multiplicity

A(n) ________ has a well-defined role in the application domain, and it has state (data), behavior, and identity characteristics. A) Event B) Object C) Activity D) Class

B) Object

The ________ shows the static structure of an object-oriented model: the object classes, their internal structure, and the relationships in which they participate. A) Data model B) Object class C) Object diagram D) Class diagram

B) Object class

The ________ rule specifies that an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes. A) Business B) Overlap C) Disjoint D) Total specialization

B) Overlap

The ________ rule specifies that an entity instance of the super type does not have to belong to any subtype. A) Total specialization B) Partial specialization C) Overlap D) Disjoint

B) Partial specialization

What unique characteristic(s) distinguish(es) each object from other objects of the same type? A) Secondary key B) Primary key C) Composite key D) Index

B) Primary key

Which business rule specifies rules concerning the relationships between entity types? A) Triggering operations B) Referential integrity constraints C) Entity integrity D) Domains

B) Referential integrity constraints

A common mistake many people make when they are just learning to draw E-R diagrams, especially if they already know how to do data flow diagramming, is to confuse data entities with ________ and relationships with data flows. A) Classes B) Sinks C) Relationships D) Attributes

B) Sinks

There is/are ________ principal type(s) of packaged data model(s). A) One B) Two C) Three D) Five

B) Two

An entity ________ is a collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics. A) Object B) Type C) Subject D) Relationship

B) Type

A(n) ________ is a concise statement of the business rule to be enforced by the triggering operation. A) Event B) User rule C) Action D) Condition

B) User rule

A domain is the set of all data types and ranges of values that ________ may assume. A) Entities B) Instances C) Attributes D) Events

C) Attributes

A ________ key is an attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type. A) Primary B) Unique C) Candidate D) Duplicate

C) Candidate

During requirements structuring, a ________ model represents conceptual data requirements for a particular system. A) Business B) Project C) Data D) Relationship

C) Data

The ________ rule specifies that if an entity instance of the super type is a member of one subtype, it cannot simultaneously be a member of any other subtype. A) Business B) Overlap C) Disjoint D) Partial specialization

C) Disjoint

An ________ model is a detailed, logical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area. A) E-D B) E-O C) E-R D) E-A

C) E-R

Which business rule specifies that each instance of an entity type must have a unique identifier that is not null? A) Triggering operations B) Referential integrity C) Entity integrity D) Domains

C) Entity integrity

The term ________ data model means a conceptual data model with some additional properties associated with the most popular type of database technology like relational databases. A) Universal B) Physical C) Logical D) Industry-specific

C) Logical

Each entity type in an E-R model is given a ________ because it represents a class or set, it is singular. A) Class B) Type C) Name D) Degree

C) Name

The ________ is a logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes, relationships, and behaviors; also called class. A) Operation B) Encapsulation C) Object class D) Object diagram

C) Object class

The fact that the same operation may apply to two or more classes in different ways is known as ________. A) Aggregation B) Abstract operation C) Polymorphism D) Composition

C) Polymorphism

A(n) ________ is an association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization. A) Attribute B) Repeating group C) Relationship D) Identifier

C) Relationship

A(n) ________ is an attribute that must have a value forevery entity instance. A) Derived attribute B) Composite attribute C) Required attribute D) Optional attribute

C) Required attribute

A ternary relationship is a simultaneous relationship among instances of ________ entity type(s). A) One B) Two C) Three D) Ten

C) Three

A(n) ________ is a named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization. A) Event B) Instance C) Relationship D) Attribute

D) Attribute

A class that can have direct instances (e.g., Outpatient or Resident Patient) is called a(n) ________ class. A) Object B) Abstract C) Associative D) Concrete

D) Concrete

Which business rule specifies constraints on valid values for attributes? A) Triggering operations B) Referential integrity C) Entity integrity D) Domains

D) Domains

A(n) ________ is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data. A) Dimension B) Attribute C) Object D) Entity

D) Entity

The most common format used for data modeling is ________ diagramming. A) Entity-class B) Entity-object C) Entity-subject D) Entity-relationship

D) Entity-relationship

Which benefit of purchased data models provides database planning and analysis by providing a first data model, which we can use to generate specific analysis questions and concrete, not hypothetical or abstract, examples of what might be in the appropriate database? A) Validated B) Consistent and complete C) Cost reduction D) Facilitates systems analysis

D) Facilitates systems analysis

How many types of business rules are there in conceptual data modeling? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four

D) Four

________ data models are generic data models that are designed to be used by organizations within specific industries. A) Universal B) Conceptual C) Logical D) Industry-specific

D) Industry-specific

A(n) ________ is an attribute that may not have a value forevery entity instance. A) Required attribute B) Derived attribute C) Composite attribute D) Optional attribute

D) Optional attribute

A(n) ________ is an operation that does not have any side effects; it accesses the state of an object but does not alter the state. A) Encapsulation B) Constructor operation C) Update operation D) Query operation

D) Query operation

A ________ is an entity type that is meaningful to the organization and that shares common attributes or relationships distinct from other sub-groupings. A) Repeating group B) Multi-valued C) Super-type D) Subtype

D) Subtype

The ________ rule specifies that each entity instance of the super-type must be a member of some subtype of the relationship. A) Partial specialization B) Business C) Overlap D) Total specialization

D) Total specialization

A(n) ________ is an assertion or rule that governs the validity of data manipulation operations such as insert, update, and delete. A) Domain B) Event C) Referential integrity D) Triggering operation

D) Triggering operation

A recursive relationship is also known as a ________ relationship. A) Binary B) Ternary C) Secondary D) Unary

D) Unary

A physical data model is a detailed model that captures the overall structure of organizational data that is independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations.

FALSE

A primary key is an attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type.

FALSE

A state is a named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization.

FALSE

A ternary relationship is a relationship between instances of two entity types and is the most common type of relationship encountered in data modeling.

FALSE

An aggregation is an association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization.

FALSE

An entity type that associates the instances of only one type and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.

FALSE

An object type is a collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics.

FALSE

Conceptual data modeling is not done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during systems analysis.

FALSE

Operations can be classified into four types, depending on the kind of service requested by clients.

FALSE

Projects with purchased models take less time and cost more because the initial discovery steps are no longer necessary, leaving only iterative tailoring and refinement to the local situation.

FALSE

The disjoint rule specifies that if an entity instance of the supertype is a member of one subtype, it can simultaneously be a member of any other subtype.

FALSE

The primary deliverable from the physical data modeling step within the analysis phase is an E-R diagram.

FALSE

A relationship definition explains what action is being taken and possibly why it is important. It may be important to state who or what does the action, but it is not important to explain how the action is taken.

TRUE

A supertype is a generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes.

TRUE

An association usually means that an event has occurred or that some natural linkage exists between entity instances.

TRUE

An entity has its own identity that distinguishes it from each other entity.

TRUE

An entity instance (also known simply as an instance) is a single occurrence of an entity type and is described just once in a data model, whereas many instances of that entity type may be represented by data stored in the database.

TRUE

An identifier is a candidate key that has been selected to be used as the unique characteristic for an entity type.

TRUE

Domain definitions typically specify some (or all) of the following characteristics of attributes: data type, length, format, range, allowable values, meaning, uniqueness, and null support (whether an attribute value may or may not be null).

TRUE

Event entity types should be named for the result of the event, not the activity or process of the event.

TRUE

One situation in which a relationship must be turned into an associative entity is when the associative entity has other relationships with entities besides the relationship that caused its creation.

TRUE

The minimum cardinality of a relationship is the minimum number of instances of entity B that may be associated with each instance of entity A

TRUE

The other deliverable from conceptual data modeling is a full set of entries about data objects that will be stored in the project dictionary, repository, or data modeling software.

TRUE

The process of conceptual data modeling begins with developing a conceptual data model for the system being replaced, if a system already exists. This is essential for planning the conversion of the current files or database into the database of the new system.

TRUE

The technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view is known as encapsulation.

TRUE