ISYS350 Ch1

What is the purpose of ASCII?

American Standard Code for Information Exchange - a set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters

What part of the computer actually runs programs?

CPU

T/F Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.

F

T/F RAM is used to store data permanently.

F

T/F Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches.

F

T/F Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs

F

What type of programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?

High level languages

What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

Input devices

What is assembly language?

It is an alternative to machine language. Instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as mnemonics. Computers cannot understand assembly language, only machine language, so an assembler is used to translate assembly language programs to machine language.

List the five major components of a computer system.

Motherboard. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) Random Access Memory (RAM) Storage device.

What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

OS

system software

OS: Operating system Utility Programs: Virus scanners, file compression programs, and data backup programs Software Development Tools: The programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software. Assemblers, compilers, and interpreters

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

Output devices

A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?

RAM

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?

RAM

What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?

Secondary storage

T/F An assembler is a special program that is used to convert mnemonics to its equivalent machine code.

T

T/F An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high level language program.

T

T/F In a computer system, bits are tiny electrical components that can hold either a positive or a negative charge.

T

T/F Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.

T

T/F Main memory is also known as RAM.

T

T/F def and import are operators in Python

T

input devices

The component that collects the data and sends it to the computer Keyboard Mouse Scanner Webcam

What encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many of the languages in the world?

Unicode

What is a program?

a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running. a. RAM b. secondary storage c. the disk drive d. the USB drive

a. RAM

The __________ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program. a. assembler b. compiler c. translator d. interpreter

a. assembler

A __________ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number. a. byte b. bit c. switch d. transistor

a. byte

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________. a. syntax b. punctuation c. key words d. operators

a. syntax

Negative numbers are encoded using the __________ technique. a. two's complement b. floating point c. ASCII d. Unicode

a. two's complement

What is hardware?

all of the physical devices, or components, that a computer is made of The central processing unit (CPU) Main memory Secondary storage devices Input & Output devices

output devices

any data the computer produces for people or for other devices. Monitor Printer Speakers

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

application software

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is __________. a. binary numbering b. ASCII c. Unicode d. ENIAC

b. ASCII

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called __________. a. an output device b. an input device c. a secondary storage device d. main memory

b. an input device

In the __________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s. a. hexadecimal b. binary c. octal d. decimal

b. binary

A(n) __________ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. a. assembler b. compiler c. translator d. utility

b. compiler

In the __________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform. a. fetch b. decode c. execute d. immediately after the instruction is executed

b. decode

A program can be run by using the __________ cycle. a. fetch-execute-decode b. fetch-decode-execute c. decode-fetch-execute d. fetch-encode-decode-execute

b. fetch-decode-execute

IDLE stands for a. Interactive Development Environment b. Integrated Development Environment c. Interprocess Development Environment d. Interface Development Environment

b. integrated development

A(n) __________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. a. compiler b. program c. interpreter d. programming language

b. program

The Python interpreter is commonly called the __________ when it is running in interactive mode. a. Command prompt b. Python shell c. IDLE d. Interpreter terminal

b. python shell

The program that controls and manages the basic operations of a computer is generally referred to as __________. a. instruction set b. system software c. utility program d. application software

b. system software

A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?

binary

In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?

binary

What do you call a tiny "switch" that can be set to either on or off?

bit

What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?

byte

A bit that is turned off represents the following value: __________. a. 1 b. -1 c. 0 d. "no"

c. 0

Computers can only execute programs that are written in __________. a. Java b. assembly language c. machine language d. Python

c. machine language

The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in __________. a. secondary storage b. the CPU c. main memory d. the microprocessor

c. main memory

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called __________. a. RAM b. main memory c. secondary storage d. CPU storage

c. secondary storage

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is __________. a. binary numbering b. ASCII c. Unicode d. ENIAC

c. unicode

When the computer is turned off, the contents of main memory are erased because it is __________. a. static b. dynamic c. volatile d. inaccessible

c. volatile

What do you call a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program?

compiler

application software

computer software created to allow the user to perform a specific job or task

A byte is made up of eight __________. a. CPUs b. instructions c. variables d. bits

d. bits

The part of a computer that runs programs is called __________. a. RAM b. secondary storage c. main memory d. the CPU

d. cpu

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________. a. binary instructions b. mnemonics c. commands d. key words

d. key words

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called __________. a. bits b. bytes c. color packets d. pixels

d. pixels

When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?

fetch-decode-execute cycle

What do the terms "digital data" and "digital device" mean?

information represented and stored in a binary format using a combination of 0s and 1s. Digital can be used to describe anything that uses binary numbers. Digital data is data that is stored in binary, and a digital device is any device that works with binary data.

What do you call a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program?

interpreter

byte

made up of 8 bits

Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is this set of rules called?

syntax

What type of mistake is usually caused by a misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator?

syntax error

software

the programs and other operating information used by a computer.

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

utility software