IT 214 Exam 1

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Principle of utility

An action is right (or wrong) to the extent that it increases (or decreases) the total happiness of the affected parties

What does the First Amendment protect?

Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition

Freedom of expression

Not an absolute right, those who abuse it will be punished

trade secrets

a confidential piece of intellectual property that provides a company with a competitive advantage

Google books

a database containing the words in all books from certain universities

Blog

a personal journal or diary kept on the web

Web filter

a piece of software that prevents certain web pages from being displayed by your browser

Negative right

a right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to exercise your right (freedom of expression)

Absolute Right

a right that is guaranteed without exception

Positive right

a right that obligates others to do something on your behalf (free education)

Wiki

a website that allows multiple people to contribute and edit its content

Trademark

a word, symbol, picture, sound, or color used by a business to identify goods

Open source software

alternative way of distributing software where 1. there are no restrictions preventing others from selling or giving away the software 2. source code must be included in distribution or easily accessible 3. No restrictions preventing people from modifying source 4. No restrictions on how to use software 5. Rights apply to everyone receiving re-distributions of the software 6. license cannot put restrictions on other software that is part of the same distribution

Utilitarianism

an action is good if its benefits exceed its harms, and an action is bad if its harms exceed its benefits

Society

an association of people organized under a system of rules designed to advance the good of its members over time

Crowdsourcing

an online method of getting goods or services from a large group of people

Apple's FairPlay

blocked users from freely exchanging music they had purchased by preventing songs from being played on more than five computers or being copied onto CDs more than seven times

Copyright Act of 1790

caused both the length of copyright protection and the kinds of intellectual property that can be copyrighted to grow dramatically

Intellectual property

creations of the mind: inventions; literary and artistic works; and symbols, names and images used in commerce

RIAA and napster

in 1999, RIAA sued Napster for copyright infringement; Napster could not block attempted transfers of copyrighted material, so they were shut down

Enlightenment view of addiction

individuals, as rational beings, have the capacity and the obligation to use their critical judgment to govern their lives

Fair use

it is legal to reproduce a copyrighted work without the permission of the copyright holder

Mobile apps allow users with

little or no formal computer training to access the Internet

John Locke

people have a natural right to the things they have removed from Nature through their own labor; certain rights granted to all people

Ethical egoism

philosophy that each person should focus exclusively on his or her self-interest

Ethical Point of View

respect other people and their core values

Morality

rules of conduct describing what people ought and ought not to do in various situations

Sexting

sending sexually suggestive text messages or emails containing nude or nearly nude photographs

2005 Sony BMG Music Entertainment

shipped millions of audio CDS with Extended Copy Protection, which monitored user's listening habits and reported to Sony by installing a rootkit: a way of hiding files from users, usually in hacking

Why is the volume of spam increasing?

spam is effective and lower cost

Censorship

the attempt to suppress or regulate public access to material considered offensive or harmful

Ethics

the philosophical study of morality, a rational examination into people's moral beliefs and behavior

Cyberbullying

the use of the Internet or the phone system to inflict psychological harm on another person

Ethical objectivism

the view that there are universal and objectively valid moral principles that are relative neither to the individual nor to society

What does a relativist claim?

there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong

Spam

unsolicited bulk email

Why are college students more likely to encounter identity theft?

use lots of digital devices, don't secure with strong passwords, post personal info on social media, leave personal items unlocked or out

Consequentialist

when something focuses on the consequences of an action


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