IT130 Chapter 7 Study Guide OCA
convergence
1. ____________________ (also called steady state), means the updating of the routing tables for all the routers has completed.
distance vector
A pure ____________________ routing protocol works fine for a network with a few (less than ten) routers, but it isn't good for large networks.
subnet mask
A router uses a combination of the destination LAN IP and ____________________ to see if a packet matches a route.
gateway router
A(n) ____________________ acts as the default gateway for a number of client computers.
metric
A(n) ____________________ is a relative value that defines the "cost" of using a route.
router
A(n) ____________________ is any piece of hardware or software that forwards packets based on their destination IP address.
hop
A(n) ____________________ is defined as each time a packet goes through a router.
speed
Administrators set the metric of the routes in the routing table to reflect the ____________________
network
At which layer of the OSI model do routers work?
egp
Autonomous Systems communicate with each other using a protocol, called generically a(n) ____________________.
examine packets and then send the packets to the proper destination.
Briefly describe the basic function of a router, regardless of its size.
combines a router switch and other features like a firewall(for protecting your network from intruders) a DHCP server and much more into a single box.
Briefly describe the functions of a home router.
immediately strips off any of the Layer 2 information and drops the resulting IP packet into a queue.
Briefly explain how routing begins as packets come into the router.
backbone
By convention, what is the name given to Area ID 0 (zero) of an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) network?
two
Classically, routers are dedicated boxes that contain at least ____________________ connections, although many routers contain many more connections.
a measure of a signal's delay
Define the term latency.
corrects link failures and creates convergence almost immediately. an interior gateway routing protocol developed for IP networks based on the shortest path first or link state alogrithm
Describe Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
one or more networks that are governed by a single dynamic routing protocol
Describe an Autonomous System.
many computers can share a pool of routable IP address that number fewer than the computers
Describe dynamic NAT (DNAT).
a device that connects separate networks and forwards a packet from one network to another based only on the network address for he protocol being used.
Describe the basic function of a router
isolated/"tier one"
Describe the two situations in which a routing table would not have default routes.
is-is
Developed at roughly the same time as OSPF, ____________________ had the one major advantage of working with IPv6 from the start.
row
Each ____________________ in a routing table defines a single route.
column
Each ____________________ in a routing table identifies one of two specific criteria.
false
Each column in a routing table defines a single route.
Destination LAN IP
Every network ID directly connected to one of the router's ports is always listed in the routing table's ____________________ column.
true
Every node on a network has a routing table.
routing table
Every router comes with a(n) ____________________ that tells the router exactly where to send the packets.
false
If a routing table has two or more valid routes for a particular IP address destination, it always chooses the route with the highest metric.
true
If your network consists of only two, three, or four routers, RIP's easy configuration often makes it worth putting up with slower convergence
f
In a router, there is a one-to-one correlation of routes to ports.
false
NAT is essentially the same process as routing.
false
NAT replaces the destination IP address of a computer with the destination IP address from the outside router interface on outgoing packets.
true
Network Address Translation (NAT) extended the useful life of IPv4 addresses on the Internet for many years.
bandwidth
OSPF's metric is cost, which is a function of ____________________.
destination ip addresses
On a TCP/IP network, a router determines where an incoming packet should go by looking at the packet's
false
RIP converges dramatically faster and is much more efficient than OSPF.
nat
Routers running some form of ____________________ hide the IP addresses of computers on the LAN but still enable those computers to communicate with the broader Internet.
true
Routers work at the Network layer of TCP/IP model.
false
Routers work with the source IP address of each packet.
true
Secure Shell (SSH) is a terminal emulation protocol that uses the network instead of a serial
gateway
The ____________________ column in the routing table identifies the IP address for the next hop router; in other words, where the packet should go.
default
The ____________________ route is very important because this tells the router exactly what to do with every incoming packet unless another line in the routing table gives another route.
Trace route
The ____________________ tool, as its name implies, records the route between any two hosts on a network.
loopback
The address 127.0.0.1 is a(n) ____________________ address
total cost
The cornerstone of all distance vector routing protocols is some form of ____________________.
BGP4
The current version of the Border Gateway Protocol is ____________________.
false
The first thing you should do with a new router is to plug it into an existing network.
IGP
The network or networks within an AS communicate with protocols as well; these are called generically
EGP
The protocol used by Autonomous Systems to communicate with each other is generically called a(n)
subnet mask
To define a network ID, you need a(n) ____________________.
Authenication
Two key differences between RIPv1 and RIPv2 are that RIPv1 does not support ____________________ and variable-length subnet masking (VLSM).
destination LAN IP Subnet Mask Gateway Interface
What are the four columns of information provided for each route in a routing table?
Pooled NAT
What is another name for dynamic NAT?
was to come up with a dynamic routing protocol that was more efficient than routers that simply sent out their entire routing table at regular intervals. Simply announce and forward individual route changes as they appeared
What is the basic idea behind the concept of a link state dynamic routing protocol?
15
What is the maximum number of hops allowed by RIP?
Cisco IOS
What is the name of Cisco's proprietary operating system?
yost
What is the name of the classic Cisco console cable, more commonly called a rollover cable?
connects all the AS autonomous system number
What is the purpose of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?
RIP
What protocol was adopted in 1994, and is now considered obsolete except for small, private WANs?
document how you configured the router and back up the router configuration
What tasks should be performed as soon as an administrator finishes configuring a router?
netstat -r route print
What two command-line commands can you use to display the contents of a routing table on a Windows PC?
0.0.0.0
What value will most routers insert into the routing table Destination LAN IP column if there is no gateway needed?
person in charge of that router
When a router has more than one route to the same network, the responsibility for assigning a different metric for each route lies with the
route redistribution
When a router takes routes it has learned by one method, say RIP or a statically set route, and announces those routes over another protocol such as OSPF, this is called ____________________.
true
When troubleshooting a network, consider other issues first because routers do not fail very
ospf routers
When you first launch OSPF-capable routers, they send out Hello packets, looking for other ____________________ routers.
port
When you set up a router, you must configure every ____________________ on the router properly to talk to its connected network IDs, and you must make sure the routing table sends packets to where you want them to go.
it corrects links failures and creates convergence almost immediately
Which attribute applies to the OSPF routing method?
interface
Which column in a routing table tells the router which of its ports to use?
Port Address Translation (PAT)
Which form of NAT typically handles the one-to-many connections?
1.33457
Which of the following could be a valid Autonomous System Number (ASN)?
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
Which organization assigns Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs)?
RIPv2
Which protocol is a distance vector routing protocol?
IS-IS
Which protocol is a link state dynamic routing protocol?
BGP
Which protocol is a path vector routing protocol?
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
Which protocol is a path vector routing protocol?
BGP-4
Which protocol is used on the Internet for communication between Autonomous Systems?
MTU
Which routing metric determines the largest frame a particular technology can handle?
bandwidth
Which routing metric refers to the ability of a connection to handle more data than others?
RIPv1
Which routing protocol does not support Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)?
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
Which routing protocol is the choice in most large enterprise networks?
hop
Which term refers to the passage of a packet through a router?
PuTT
Which tool can be used to access a Cisco router remotely from a Windows system?
network manager
Which tool is used by an administrator to manage many routers and provide an overall view of all the network?
Tracerroute
Which tool records the route between any two hosts on a network and can be used to troubleshoot routing problems?
dynamic NAT
Which type of NAT allows many computers to share a pool of routable IP addresses that number fewer than the computers?
RIP
Which vector routing protocol is the oldest?
simplify routing tables into manageable levels. Rather than trying to keep track of every other router on the internet the backbone routers track the location of routers that connect to sublets of locations
Why does BGP implement route aggregation?
this tells the router exactly what to do with every incoming packet unless another line in the routing table gives another route
Why is the default route important?
port
With ____________________ forwarding, you can designate a specific local address for various network services.
true
With distance vector routing protocols, the simplest total cost sums the hops (the hop count) between a router and a network.
terminal emmulates
You connect to and configure many modern routers using software programs called ____________________ that enables your PC to pretend to be a dumb terminal.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Your company has a single server on a private LAN that it wants to make accessible from the Internet Which of the following would give the server the protection of NAT, while allowing access to that server from the Internet
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
____________________ is a new addressing system for IP that dumps the old 32-bit address, replacing it with a 128-bit address.
NMS
____________________ is an advanced tool used to describe, visualize, and configure an entire network.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
____________________ is the most commonly used Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) in the world.
home
____________________ routers invariably have Network Address Translation (NAT) turned on by default.
distance vectors
____________________ routing protocols calculate the total cost to get to a particular network ID and compare that cost to the total cost of all the other routes to get to that same network ID.
Static NAT
maps a single routable (that is, not private) IP address to a single machine, enabling you to access that machine from outside the network.
