IT130 Chapter 7 Study Guide OCA

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convergence

1. ____________________ (also called steady state), means the updating of the routing tables for all the routers has completed.

distance vector

A pure ____________________ routing protocol works fine for a network with a few (less than ten) routers, but it isn't good for large networks.

subnet mask

A router uses a combination of the destination LAN IP and ____________________ to see if a packet matches a route.

gateway router

A(n) ____________________ acts as the default gateway for a number of client computers.

metric

A(n) ____________________ is a relative value that defines the "cost" of using a route.

router

A(n) ____________________ is any piece of hardware or software that forwards packets based on their destination IP address.

hop

A(n) ____________________ is defined as each time a packet goes through a router.

speed

Administrators set the metric of the routes in the routing table to reflect the ____________________

network

At which layer of the OSI model do routers work?

egp

Autonomous Systems communicate with each other using a protocol, called generically a(n) ____________________.

examine packets and then send the packets to the proper destination.

Briefly describe the basic function of a router, regardless of its size.

combines a router switch and other features like a firewall(for protecting your network from intruders) a DHCP server and much more into a single box.

Briefly describe the functions of a home router.

immediately strips off any of the Layer 2 information and drops the resulting IP packet into a queue.

Briefly explain how routing begins as packets come into the router.

backbone

By convention, what is the name given to Area ID 0 (zero) of an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) network?

two

Classically, routers are dedicated boxes that contain at least ____________________ connections, although many routers contain many more connections.

a measure of a signal's delay

Define the term latency.

corrects link failures and creates convergence almost immediately. an interior gateway routing protocol developed for IP networks based on the shortest path first or link state alogrithm

Describe Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).

one or more networks that are governed by a single dynamic routing protocol

Describe an Autonomous System.

many computers can share a pool of routable IP address that number fewer than the computers

Describe dynamic NAT (DNAT).

a device that connects separate networks and forwards a packet from one network to another based only on the network address for he protocol being used.

Describe the basic function of a router

isolated/"tier one"

Describe the two situations in which a routing table would not have default routes.

is-is

Developed at roughly the same time as OSPF, ____________________ had the one major advantage of working with IPv6 from the start.

row

Each ____________________ in a routing table defines a single route.

column

Each ____________________ in a routing table identifies one of two specific criteria.

false

Each column in a routing table defines a single route.

Destination LAN IP

Every network ID directly connected to one of the router's ports is always listed in the routing table's ____________________ column.

true

Every node on a network has a routing table.

routing table

Every router comes with a(n) ____________________ that tells the router exactly where to send the packets.

false

If a routing table has two or more valid routes for a particular IP address destination, it always chooses the route with the highest metric.

true

If your network consists of only two, three, or four routers, RIP's easy configuration often makes it worth putting up with slower convergence

f

In a router, there is a one-to-one correlation of routes to ports.

false

NAT is essentially the same process as routing.

false

NAT replaces the destination IP address of a computer with the destination IP address from the outside router interface on outgoing packets.

true

Network Address Translation (NAT) extended the useful life of IPv4 addresses on the Internet for many years.

bandwidth

OSPF's metric is cost, which is a function of ____________________.

destination ip addresses

On a TCP/IP network, a router determines where an incoming packet should go by looking at the packet's

false

RIP converges dramatically faster and is much more efficient than OSPF.

nat

Routers running some form of ____________________ hide the IP addresses of computers on the LAN but still enable those computers to communicate with the broader Internet.

true

Routers work at the Network layer of TCP/IP model.

false

Routers work with the source IP address of each packet.

true

Secure Shell (SSH) is a terminal emulation protocol that uses the network instead of a serial

gateway

The ____________________ column in the routing table identifies the IP address for the next hop router; in other words, where the packet should go.

default

The ____________________ route is very important because this tells the router exactly what to do with every incoming packet unless another line in the routing table gives another route.

Trace route

The ____________________ tool, as its name implies, records the route between any two hosts on a network.

loopback

The address 127.0.0.1 is a(n) ____________________ address

total cost

The cornerstone of all distance vector routing protocols is some form of ____________________.

BGP4

The current version of the Border Gateway Protocol is ____________________.

false

The first thing you should do with a new router is to plug it into an existing network.

IGP

The network or networks within an AS communicate with protocols as well; these are called generically

EGP

The protocol used by Autonomous Systems to communicate with each other is generically called a(n)

subnet mask

To define a network ID, you need a(n) ____________________.

Authenication

Two key differences between RIPv1 and RIPv2 are that RIPv1 does not support ____________________ and variable-length subnet masking (VLSM).

destination LAN IP Subnet Mask Gateway Interface

What are the four columns of information provided for each route in a routing table?

Pooled NAT

What is another name for dynamic NAT?

was to come up with a dynamic routing protocol that was more efficient than routers that simply sent out their entire routing table at regular intervals. Simply announce and forward individual route changes as they appeared

What is the basic idea behind the concept of a link state dynamic routing protocol?

15

What is the maximum number of hops allowed by RIP?

Cisco IOS

What is the name of Cisco's proprietary operating system?

yost

What is the name of the classic Cisco console cable, more commonly called a rollover cable?

connects all the AS autonomous system number

What is the purpose of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?

RIP

What protocol was adopted in 1994, and is now considered obsolete except for small, private WANs?

document how you configured the router and back up the router configuration

What tasks should be performed as soon as an administrator finishes configuring a router?

netstat -r route print

What two command-line commands can you use to display the contents of a routing table on a Windows PC?

0.0.0.0

What value will most routers insert into the routing table Destination LAN IP column if there is no gateway needed?

person in charge of that router

When a router has more than one route to the same network, the responsibility for assigning a different metric for each route lies with the

route redistribution

When a router takes routes it has learned by one method, say RIP or a statically set route, and announces those routes over another protocol such as OSPF, this is called ____________________.

true

When troubleshooting a network, consider other issues first because routers do not fail very

ospf routers

When you first launch OSPF-capable routers, they send out Hello packets, looking for other ____________________ routers.

port

When you set up a router, you must configure every ____________________ on the router properly to talk to its connected network IDs, and you must make sure the routing table sends packets to where you want them to go.

it corrects links failures and creates convergence almost immediately

Which attribute applies to the OSPF routing method?

interface

Which column in a routing table tells the router which of its ports to use?

Port Address Translation (PAT)

Which form of NAT typically handles the one-to-many connections?

1.33457

Which of the following could be a valid Autonomous System Number (ASN)?

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

Which organization assigns Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs)?

RIPv2

Which protocol is a distance vector routing protocol?

IS-IS

Which protocol is a link state dynamic routing protocol?

BGP

Which protocol is a path vector routing protocol?

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

Which protocol is a path vector routing protocol?

BGP-4

Which protocol is used on the Internet for communication between Autonomous Systems?

MTU

Which routing metric determines the largest frame a particular technology can handle?

bandwidth

Which routing metric refers to the ability of a connection to handle more data than others?

RIPv1

Which routing protocol does not support Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)?

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

Which routing protocol is the choice in most large enterprise networks?

hop

Which term refers to the passage of a packet through a router?

PuTT

Which tool can be used to access a Cisco router remotely from a Windows system?

network manager

Which tool is used by an administrator to manage many routers and provide an overall view of all the network?

Tracerroute

Which tool records the route between any two hosts on a network and can be used to troubleshoot routing problems?

dynamic NAT

Which type of NAT allows many computers to share a pool of routable IP addresses that number fewer than the computers?

RIP

Which vector routing protocol is the oldest?

simplify routing tables into manageable levels. Rather than trying to keep track of every other router on the internet the backbone routers track the location of routers that connect to sublets of locations

Why does BGP implement route aggregation?

this tells the router exactly what to do with every incoming packet unless another line in the routing table gives another route

Why is the default route important?

port

With ____________________ forwarding, you can designate a specific local address for various network services.

true

With distance vector routing protocols, the simplest total cost sums the hops (the hop count) between a router and a network.

terminal emmulates

You connect to and configure many modern routers using software programs called ____________________ that enables your PC to pretend to be a dumb terminal.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Your company has a single server on a private LAN that it wants to make accessible from the Internet Which of the following would give the server the protection of NAT, while allowing access to that server from the Internet

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)

____________________ is a new addressing system for IP that dumps the old 32-bit address, replacing it with a 128-bit address.

NMS

____________________ is an advanced tool used to describe, visualize, and configure an entire network.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

____________________ is the most commonly used Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) in the world.

home

____________________ routers invariably have Network Address Translation (NAT) turned on by default.

distance vectors

____________________ routing protocols calculate the total cost to get to a particular network ID and compare that cost to the total cost of all the other routes to get to that same network ID.

Static NAT

maps a single routable (that is, not private) IP address to a single machine, enabling you to access that machine from outside the network.


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