IT2 Test Final draft (Computers / networking) PT2

person that collected 4 fundamental equations that completely describe behavior of em fields

James Clerk Maxwell

layer of material that surrounds core in optical fiber

cladding

spreading of light as light propagates along a fiber

dispersion

optical fiber made out of plastic

plastic optical fiber

# of diff types of fiber optic optical transmitters

3

fiber optic installation standard for ships

MIL-STD 2042B

spectral width of a laser diode

.1nm-3nm

index of refraction for air

1.00

index of refraction for glass

1.50

about how many times more sensitive is the APD compared to the PIN photodiode which allows it to respond better to faster incoming sig

10

average lifespan of LEDs

10 years

# of modes propagated by multimode fibers

100

data rates can be reached w VCSELs over a distance of a few hundred meters

10Gbps

in silica glass, the wavelengths of op range from 700nm to how many nm

1600

year John Tyndall demonstrated light used internal reflection to follow a specific path

1854

approx speed of light

186,000 miles per second

year that Dr. Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz succeded in dev glass fiber that exhibited attenuation at less than 20dB/km, making fiber optics viable

1970

year there was a fiber optic telephone link installed on USS Little Rock

1973

year the ALOFT program dev by Air Force

1976

year fiber optic hone sys installed in Chicago and Boston by AT&T and GTE

1977

# of basic types of optical fibers

2

# of diff methods used to describe how light is xmitted along optical fiber

2

# of diff types of rays can propagate along an optical fiber

2

# of parts the basic structure of an optical fiber consist of

3

# of primary wavelength windows used w fiber optics

3

OM3 fibers provide suff bandwidth to support 10Gb Ethernet up to how many meters

300

part a fiber optic data link consists of

4

# of diff types of dispersion there are

5

# of volts of biasing are req by PIN photodiodes

5

size of multimode laser optimized fiber must be used as the transmission medium for VCSEL

50 micron

OM4 fibers provide suff bandwidth to support 10Gb Ethernet up to how many meters

550

max modulation rate of LEDs since they cannot be turned off/on fast enough to support higher bandwidth

622 Mbit/s

LEDs utilized in LANs where transmissions of less than 2km are required usually don't exceed what speed

680Mbps/km

# of micrometers the typical core size of single mode fiber is

8-10

wavelengths LEDs operate on

850nm and 1300nm

fiber optics design standard for ships

MIL-STD 2052

type of cable supports 125m links at 40 and 100Gbit/s

OM4

type of photodiode has a lightly doped intrinsic layer which separates the more heavily doped p material w free electrons or p mat w holes

PIN

law used to describe relationship between incident and refracted rays at ray boundary

Snell's law of refraction

defined as portion of attenuation resulting from conversion of optical power to another form

absorption

angle between incident wave and normal

angle of incidence

angle between normal and path of light wave thru second medium

angle of refraction

jacket color that is recommended for 50/125 um laser optimized OM3 and OM4 fiber

aqua

difference or loss of power sent from transmitter to what arrives at the receiver defined as

attenuation

reduces amount of optical power xmitted by fiber

attenuation

calss of meridional rays remain in the core and propagate along the axis of the fiber

bound

who developed the optical telegraph?

claude chappe

layer of mat that surrounds cladding in optical fiber

coating/buffer

unit of measurement used in optics to describe loss or attenuation

decibel

spreading of a pulse of light as it travels down the length of an optical fiber that limits the bandwidth or info carrying capacity of a fiber

dispersion

spreads optical pulse as it travels along fiber

dispersion

spreading of a light beam called as it travels from its source

divergence

type of absorption is caused by impurities intro into the fiber mat

extrinsic

optical cavity in a LASER

fabry perot cavity

xmission medium that is immune to electrical noise

fiber

sends input data thru fiber optic components & provides this data as output info

fiber optic data link

used to convert optical energy to electrical energy

fiber optic detector

optical tech = radiant power thru fibers

fiber optics

fiber optics user what to transmit light?

glass fibers

wave that strikes a reflecting surface

incident

measures speed of light in optical medium

index of refraction

type of absorption that's caused by basic fiber mat properties

intrinsic

invention prompted researchers to study potential of fiber optics for data comms, sensing, and other apps

laser

law states that angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection

law of reflection

type of dispersion that occurs bc diff wavelengths also travel at diff velocities thru a fiber, even in same mode

material

type of rays pass thru the axis of optical fiber

meridional

small microscopic bends of the fiber axis that occur mainly when a fiber is cabled

microbends

scattering- if the size of the defect is greated than one tenth of the wavelength of light

mie scattering

effect caused by diff speeds of individual modes in a ligtht pulse

modal dispersion

theory describes behavior of light within optical fiber

mode

exchange of power between 2 modes

mode coupling

set of guided em waves in relation to optical fiber

modes

modal dispersion only occurs in these types of fibers

multimode

optical fiber that operates below the cutoff wavelength

multimode fiber

imaginary line perpendicular to the point at which incident wave strikes the reflecting surface

normal

determines how many modes a fiber can support

normalized freq

msrmnt of the ability of an optical fiber to capture light

numerical aperture

type of substance reflects/absorbs all light rays that fall upon them

opaque

most common type of fiber optic detector

photodiode

Quanta know as when referring to light energy

photons

type of wave whose surfaces of constant phase are infinite parallel planes normal to the direction of propagation

plane

type of optical fiber has silica based core and plastic cladding w lower perf, high xmission loss, & lower bandwidth than glass fiber

plastic clad silica

theory used to approx the light acceptance and guiding properties of optical fibers

ray

main source of loss in commercial fibers op between 700nm and 1600nm wavelength

rayleigh scattering

type of losses caused by interaction of light w density fluctuations within a fiber

scattering

type of fibers that are predominately used in fiber optics bc of their low intrinsic mat absorption at the wavelengths of op

silica

optical fiber that operates above the cutoff wavelength

single mode fiber

type of fiber is waveguide dispersion the most significant

single-mode

type of rays travel thru optical fiber w/o passing thru its axis

skew

specifies range of wavelength that can propagate in the fiber

spectral width

substances thru which some light rays can pass, but thru which obj cannot be seen clearly because the rays are diffused`

translucent

type substance xmit almost all light waves falling upon them

transparent

type of wave motion is represented by motion of water

transverse-wave motion

short range high data rate transmitter for fiber optic data links

vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL)

recurring disturbance advancing thru space w or w/o use of physical medium

wave motion

type of dispersion occurs bc the mode propagation constant is a function of the size of the fibers core relative to the wavelength of operation

waveguide

distance measured in nanometers from crest of one wave to the crest of the next

wavelength

typical NA values for glass fibers

0.20-0.29

types of optical fibers classified into

2

max distance of hard clad silica fibers

2Km