ITEC116

• Cloud-native • Microservices architecture • Containerization • API-driven • Data-driven • Security • Scalability • Usability • Maintainability

9 Essential Ingredients for Modern Enterprise Applications

Ability to leverage legacy functionality in new markets

A well-crafted SOA enables developers to easily take functionality 'locked' in one computing platform or environment and extend it to new environments and markets. For example, many companies have used SOA to expose functionality from mainframe-based financial systems to new web applications, enabling their customers to serve themselves to processes and information previously accessible only through direct interaction with the company's employees or business partners.

Scalability

Application should be able to handle increased traffic and data volumes without impacting performance.

• Improve the quality and consistency of their data • Increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their business processes • Reduce the risk of data loss and corruption • Improve compliance with regulations • Facilitate better decision-making

Benefits of Enterprise Information Architecture

✓ Greater business agility; faster time to market ✓ Ability to leverage legacy functionality in new markets ✓ Improved collaboration between business and IT

Benefits of Service-Oriented Architecture

SOA-Centralized ESB MS-Decentralized APIs

Communication Service-Oriented Architecture vs. Microservices

Service-Oriented Architecture

Defines a way to make software components reusable and interoperable via service interfaces.

Data Strategy

Developing a clear data strategy that aligns with the organization's overall business strategy is a fundamental part of EIA.

data security

EIA addresses ________________ concerns, including access controls, encryption, data masking, and auditing to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or breaches.

Data Compliance and Regulations

EIA ensures that the organization complies with relevant data privacy regulations, industry standards, and internal policies.

Data Architecture

EIA includes designing the structure and organization of data repositories, such as databases, data warehouses, and data lakes, to support the organization's information needs.

Data Integration

EIA includes strategies for integrating data from disparate sources to provide a unified view of information for decision-making and reporting purposes. This may involve technologies like ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes, data warehouses, and data lakes.

Change Management Implementing

EIA often involves changes to processes, technologies, and organizational culture. Effective change management is crucial to ensure successful adoption

Data Analytics and Business Intelligence (BI)

EIA supports data analytics and BI initiatives by providing a reliable and well-structured data foundation for reporting, dashboards, and advanced analytics.

data quality

Ensuring data accuracy, consistency, and reliability is crucial. EIA defines processes and measures to monitor and improve _______________.

SOA-Centralized MS-Decentralized

Governance Service-Oriented Architecture vs. Microservices

Improved collaboration between business and IT

In a SOA, services can be defined in business terms (e.g., 'generate insurance quote' or 'calculate capital equipment ROI'). This enables business analysts to work more effectively with developers on important insights—such as the scope of a business process defined using services or the business implications of changing a process—that can lead to a better result

Enterprise information architecture

It provides a common framework for the collection, storage, sharing, and use of information across the enterprise.

Maintainability

It should be well-documented and have a modular design.

• Data Governance • Data Modeling • Data Standards • Data Integration • Metadata Management • Data Security • Data Quality • Master Data Management • Data Architecture • Data Lifecycle Management • Data Analytics and Business Intelligence • Data Compliance and Regulations • Data Strategy • Change Management

Key Components and Concepts within Enterprise Information Architecture

Data Lifecycle Management

Managing data throughout its lifecycle, from creation and storage to archiving and deletion, is important for compliance and resource optimization.

Cloud-native

Modern enterprise applications should be _________________, meaning they are designed to run in the cloud from the ground up. This offers a number of advantages, including scalability, agility, and cost savings.

Microservices architecture

Modern enterprise applications should be built using a microservices architecture. This means that the application is broken down into small, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. This makes the application more flexible and easier to maintain.

Greater business agility; faster time to market

Reusability is the key. The efficiency of assembling applications from reusable services - i.e. building blocks, rather than rewriting and reintegrating with every new development project, enables developers to build applications much more quickly in response to new business opportunities.

Service-Oriented Architecture

Services use common interface standards and an architectural pattern so they can be rapidly incorporated into new applications.

SOA-SOAP, XML MS-REST, JSON

Technologies Service-Oriented Architecture vs. Microservices

API-driven

The application exposes APIs that can be used by other applications to access its functionality. This makes the application more extensible and easier to integrate with other systems

Usability

The application should have a user-friendly interface and be easy to learn.

Greater business agility; faster time to market

The service-oriented architectural approach supports scenarios for application integration, data integration, and service orchestration style automation of business processes or workflows. This speeds up software design and software development by enabling developers to spend dramatically less time integrating and much more time focusing on delivering and improving their applications.

Data-driven

This data can come from a variety of sources, including internal systems, external databases, and IoT devices.

Data Governance

This involves establishing policies, procedures, and responsibilities for managing and ensuring the quality, security, and compliance of data within the organization

Containerization

This means that the application code and its dependencies are packaged into a container that can be run on any operating system. This makes it easier to deploy and manage the application across different environments.

Service-Oriented Architecture

This removes tasks from the application developer who previously redeveloped or duplicated existing functionality or had to know how to connect or provide interoperability with existing functions.

Metadata Management, Metadata

_________________ is essential for understanding and managing data assets. EIA defines how metadata is captured, stored, and used to describe data elements, their relationships, and their context.

Microservices

are a good fit for applications that require high scalability, agility, and fault isolation. They are also well-suited for organizations that embrace DevOps practices and continuous delivery

Microservices

are fine-grained, focusing on specific tasks or functions. They communicate directly with each other using lightweight protocols like HTTP or messaging systems.

Data Standards

ensures consistency and uniformity in how data is defined, named, and used across the organization.

SOA

has an enterprise scope, focusing on integrating services across the entire organization. It aims to create a standardized and reusable set of services that can be shared across different applications and business units.

Microservices

have an application scope, focusing on decomposing an application into smaller, independent services. Each microservice is responsible for a specific business function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

• Retail Company • Healthcare Organizations • Financial Services

how EIA can be used in practice

Data Modeling

involves creating a visual representation of an organization's data, including its structure, relationships, and attributes. Common techniques include Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) and UML diagrams.

Enterprise information architecture

is a blueprint for how an organization manages its information

Enterprise information architecture

is a critical component of enterprise architecture, which is a holistic approach to aligning an organization's business and IT strategies

Master Data Management (MDM)

is a key aspect of EIA that focuses on managing critical data elements, often referred to as "master data," to ensure consistency and accuracy across the organization.

Security

is essential for all enterprise applications, but it is especially important for modern applications that are cloud-based and microservices-based. Modern enterprise applications should implement a variety of security measures, such as authentication, authorization, and data encryption.

Enterprise information architecture

is typically defined in terms of a set of models and standards that describe the organization's information assets, their relationships to each other, and how they are used to support business processes. These models and standards can be used to guide the design and implementation of information systems, as well as the development of data management policies and procedures

SOA

is well-suited for organizations that need to integrate disparate systems and standardize service interfaces across the enterprise. It is also a good choice for applications with complex business processes that can be decomposed into reusable services.

SOA

often relies on heavier-weight technologies like SOAP and XML for service communication and data exchange. It may also involve centralized governance and management of services.

Systems Integration Architecture

provides a bridge between heterogeneous operational applications and platforms. This architecture ties together the mix of platforms, operating systems, transports, and applications

SOA

tend to be coarse-grained, encapsulating larger business capabilities or processes. They often communicate through a central Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) that handles message routing and transformation

Microservices

typically use lightweight technologies like REST APIs and JSON for communication. They are often decentralized, with each service team responsible for its own development and deployment.