JMM 102 TEST #2

OTT

"Over the Top" Example: Netflix, Vue, Sling, YoutubeTV, Hulu Live,

Worldwide Box Office

#1 Avengers Endgame Avatar, Fast and Furious 7 did better Overseas

MPAA

(Motion Picture Association of America) is a trade organization that represents the major film studios. President Will Hays

audience ratings

-Challenge of rating major and minor broadcast networks, major cable networks, and minor cable networks. -Problem of counting DVR audiences. -Nielsen Media Research is major rating company.

What makes a movie profitable?

-small budget -clear target audience -modest box office -great return on investment

Blacklist continued until____ when Hollywood Ten member ____ hired to write Spartacus, Exodus

1960; Dalton Trumbo

The Blacklist

A list of 324 actors, writers, producers and directors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of their alleged Communist connections.

Traditional economic models Non-linear Model #1

AVOD Main source of revenue: advertising Examples: Youtube, Pluto TV, etc.

Traditional economic models Non-linear Model #2:

AVOD/SVOD combination Main source of revenue: advertising and subscription fees Examples: Hulu, Peacock, etc

Rentals

Accounting term for the revenues returned to a film distributor Net to distributor (50-60%)

Comscore

American media measurement company Merged with Rentrak in 2015

Community antenna television (CATV)

An early form of cable television used to distribute broadcast channels in communities with poor television reception.

Traditional linear TV - Model #2:

Basic cable TV Main source of revenue: advertising and subscription fees Examples: Bravo, TBS, CNN, Discovery, Fox News

2018: Top Grossing Films (Domestic)

Black Panther Avengers Infinity War Incredibles 2

MVPDs

Cable Satellite Phone

The Great Train Robbery (1903)

Contains 12 separate scenes Is shot in a variety of locations Tells a realistic story Established basic film storytelling conventions

1919: United Artists

Created by directors and actors that were against the studios and joined to form their own company

"P&A" (Prints and Advertising)

Distributor, not theaters (exhibitors) bears these costs

1948 Paramount ruling

Divestiture of movie theaters No more blind bidding No more block booking

1986: Rupert Murdoch launches

FOX Network

Why is there at least: 10 Star Wars movies 20 Marvel Cinematic Universe movies 5 DC Expanded Universe movies?

Fans become invested in series It is cheaper than making a new movie Continues to target the same market Nostalgia

Black Panther Movie

First big-budget superhero movie to have black director, hero, and predominantly black cast Huge financial success (#3 on all-time box office list)

Traditional linear TV - Model #1:

Free TV or Broadcast TV Main source of revenue: advertising Examples: NBC, CBS, Telemundo, ABC, etc.

Domestic Gross BO

Gone with the Wind (1939) Star Wars Sound of Music

Hollywood Ten

Group of people in the film industry who were jailed for refusing to answer congressional questions regarding Communist influence in Hollywood

Affiliates

Have license from FCC, equipment, and local staff If affiliate carries programming from network, get limited ad revenue and (may) get carriage fee Can also carry local and syndicated programming, keep all ad revenue

Theatrical "windows"

Historically six months before a movie got to DVD or Online. More recently 90 days

Perceptions of Hollywood amongst American society in the mid twentieth century:

Hollywood was believe to be Communists (blacklist) Jews (nazi influence in the early 1930s)

One of the first sitcoms to be filmed, rather than live

I Love Lucy

United Artists is owned today by

MGM

In September 2019 the MPAA changed its name to

MPA. Motion Picture Association to be more inclusive

Black Panther

Made for $200 million (larger than average for a non-sequel MCU movie) Had up-and-coming writer/director, top black actor Concerns about toy revenue But made more than $659 million domestically, $1.34 billion globally

D.W Griffith Intolerance

Marked a point at which outside financial backing became necessary for a movie to be produced

People_____ used in larger markets

Meters

MVPD

Multichannel Video Program Distributor The market of television distributors, cable has the majority of viewers but no longer exercises a monopoly.

Big Four Networks

NBC, CBS, ABC, FOX

How much does it cost to release a film?

Negative cost: cost of creating and editing a film, including but not limited to music, script, actors, director, etc

Disruptors

Netflix Hulu Amazon

Rating point

Percentage of potential television audience actually watching the show =

Share

Percentage of television sets in use tuned to a show

Vertical Integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution Production-Distribution-Exhibition

Traditional linear TV - Model #3:

Premium or pay TV Main source of revenue: subscription fees Examples: HBO, Showtime, Starz, etc....

Are franchise movies more important than stand-alone blockbusters?

Probably yes, because franchise movies are build off sequels and merchandising.

1920s: birth of the

Production Code (Hays Code)

Split

Revenue sharing formula between movie theaters (exhibitors) and distributors

Traditional economic models Non-linear Model #3

SVOD Main source of revenue: subscription fees Examples: Netflix, Hulu Premium, HBO Plus, etc....

Bringing Diversity to Superhero World

School and church groups attending Importance of diversity in storytelling Other diverse films like Coco, Moonlight and Get Out have found commercial and critical success

Production Code

Self-imposed rules for Hollywood media content. The head of the police can impose a movie Didn't have first amendment protection. Strict rules on sex, profanity, and violence controlled movie content from 1930s to 1968

Who is the distributor?

Studios

United States vs. Paramount

Supreme Court ended the studios' hold over the industry The beginning of the break-up of the studio system under anti-trust laws

TVHH

TV households, households with one or more TV set

vMVPD:

Technically considered OTT Offer linear services DVR capability Web-based Examples: Sling, YouTubeTV, Hulu Live

Linear TV

Television service where the viewer has to watch a scheduled TV program at the particular time it's offered, and on the particular channel it's presented on

1903: Edwin S. Porter directs

The Great Train Robbery

TVOD

Transactional Video on demand

Have We Entered the Franchise Era?

Yes

D.W. Griffith: Birth of a Nation

a 1915 silent film Created the feature-length film Feature 40 minutes long at least Most expensive movie of all time

DMAs (Designated Market Areas)

a term to define a TV market area; each country in the US belongs to only one DMA

AVOD

advertising video on demand

Transactional rental

are a record of the rent for each rental period.

Why the Box Office is misleading?

because it only tells you how money did it make not how many people go see it

Murdoch became a US citizen in 1985, why?

because to own a tv network you must be American

By the early 1960s many movies released without

code approval

EST

electronic sell through (downloads)

Block bookings

force theater owners to take films they may not want as well as more popular ones

Box Office

income from ticket sales

Broadcast networks provide programming to

local affiliated stations

Nielsen

main provider of measurement in US TV

1968: MPAA launching_______ still in use today with some modifications

movie rating system

Nut

movie theaters overhead

Movies reflected the changing social values of the

post-WW II America

SVOD

subscription video on demand, i.e. a service like Netflix or Amazon Prime

In the Studio System ___ were developed.

talking pictures

VOD

video on demand

Net

what results after costs are deducted

Gross Domestic Product

what they offer

The Studio System

when major studios controlled all aspects of the movie industry

Blind bidding

where movie theaters were forced to buy films they may not have viewed